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For R={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(1,2),(2,1),(2,4),(4,2)} on A={1,2,3,4}, which missing ordered pair directly witnesses that R is not transitive?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (1,4)

The correct answer is B, (1,4). To disprove transitivity, find two pairs (a,b) and (b,c) that are present while (a,c) is absent. Here (1,2) belongs to R and (2,4) also belongs to R. Therefore transitivity would require (1,4), but (1,4) is missing. This is a direct counterexample. A is not forced by any useful chain through the listed pairs, and C is not forced by a chain beginning at 3. D is actually not the required composite pair for the forward chain 1→2→4; although (4,2) is present, it does not replace (1,4). The relation is symmetric because reverse pairs are included, but symmetry alone does not guarantee transitivity. Always follow the arrows in order: a→b and b→c demand a→c.

Related tags

Transitive RelationCounterexampleOrdered PairsSymmetric RelationRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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