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On A = {1,2,3,4,5}, for aRb when a ≡ b (mod 3), what is the equivalence class [2]?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: {2,5}

The direct answer is {2,5}, so option A is correct. The equivalence class [2] contains all elements x of A that are congruent to 2 modulo 3. Congruence means that x−2 is divisible by 3, or that x and 2 leave the same remainder on division by 3. Test the elements one by one: 2−2=0, which is divisible by 3, and 5−2=3, which is also divisible by 3. Thus 2 and 5 belong to [2]. For 1, the difference is −1; for 3 it is 1; and for 4 it is 2. None of these is divisible by 3, so they do not belong. Option B, {1,4}, is the class of 1; option C, {3}, is the class of 3; and option D incorrectly combines different classes. A useful memory cue is to group numbers by their remainders modulo 3: {1,4}, {2,5}, and {3}.

Related tags

Equivalence-RelationEquivalence-ClassesModular-ArithmeticRelationsEquivalence RelationRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 12 Mcq

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