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In this Class 12 Mathematics topic from the Matrix chapter, students are introduced to matrices as rectangular arrangements of numbers or expressions used to organise and represent information. They learn how to identify rows, columns, elements, and the order of a matrix, read standard notation, and distinguish common types such as row, column, square, zero, diagonal, and identity matrices. The topic builds the foundation for understanding matrix equality and later matrix operations.
TOPIC PRACTICE
Quiz this set
Up to 5 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.
If \(A=\begin{bmatrix}1&2&3\\4&5&6\end{bmatrix}\), which is the second row?
Correct answer: B
Rows of a matrix are the horizontal lists of entries. For this 2×3 matrix the first row is (1,2,3) and the second (bottom) row is (4,5,6). Option A is the first row; options C and D are columns (first and third column respectively). Exam tip: use the row index (the first index) to identify which horizontal list is the required row.
If \(A=\begin{bmatrix}1&2&3\\4&5&6\end{bmatrix}\), which is the third column of A?
Correct answer: C
A column of a matrix is the vertical list of entries. In the given matrix the third column takes the third entry from the first row (3) and the third entry from the second row (6), so it is \(\begin{pmatrix}3\\6\end{pmatrix}\). The closest distractor \(\begin{pmatrix}2\\5\end{pmatrix}\) is the second column, and \(\begin{pmatrix}4\\5\\6\end{pmatrix}\) has three entries and does not match the 2×3 matrix. Exam tip: read column entries top to bottom and use the column index to pick the correct vertical list.
What is the value of \(a_{22}\) in the matrix \(A=\begin{bmatrix}9&8\\7&6\end{bmatrix}\)?
Correct answer: D
\(a_{ij}\) denotes the element in the i-th row and j-th column. Thus \(a_{22}\) is the element in the second row and second column. In matrix \(A\) that entry is \(6\). The other choices correspond to \(9=a_{11},\ 8=a_{12},\ 7=a_{21}\). Exam tip: Always read \(a_{ij}\) as row i, column j to locate the element quickly.
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