The value on 31 March is measured at a point of time so it is stock. Purchases during the year occur over a period so they are flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. The value on 31 March is measured at a point of time so it is stock. Purchases during the year occur over a period so they are flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
31 मार्च का मूल्य समय बिंदु पर मापा गया स्टॉक है। वर्ष भर की खरीद अवधि में होती है इसलिए प्रवाह है।
Today's bank balance is measured at a point of time. Total deposits during a month are measured over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Today's bank balance is measured at a point of time. Total deposits during a month are measured over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आज का बैंक शेष एक समय बिंदु का माप है। महीने भर की जमा राशि समय अवधि का माप है।
Total debt is an outstanding amount on a date so it is stock. Interest payment occurs during a period so it is flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Total debt is an outstanding amount on a date so it is stock. Interest payment occurs during a period so it is flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुल ऋण किसी तारीख पर बकाया राशि है इसलिए स्टॉक है। ब्याज भुगतान अवधि में होता है इसलिए प्रवाह है।
Population is counted at a point of time so it is stock. Births occur during a year so they are flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Population is counted at a point of time so it is stock. Births occur during a year so they are flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जनसंख्या किसी समय पर गिनी जाती है इसलिए स्टॉक है। जन्म वर्ष के दौरान होने वाली घटना है इसलिए प्रवाह है।
Goods available in the morning are a stock at a point of time. Goods dispatched during the day are a flow measured over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Goods available in the morning are a stock at a point of time. Goods dispatched during the day are a flow measured over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सुबह उपलब्ध माल एक समय बिंदु का भंडार है। दिन भर में निकला माल अवधि में मापा गया प्रवाह है।
B. धन संपत्ति स्टॉक और बचत प्रवाह/Wealth is stock and saving is flow
Step 1
Concept
Wealth is total assets available at a point of time. Saving is obtained over a period after subtracting consumption from income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. धन संपत्ति स्टॉक और बचत प्रवाह / Wealth is stock and saving is flow. Wealth is total assets available at a point of time. Saving is obtained over a period after subtracting consumption from income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धन संपत्ति किसी समय पर उपलब्ध कुल संपत्ति है। बचत एक अवधि में आय से उपभोग घटाकर मिलती है।
C. पूंजी भंडार स्टॉक है और मूल्यह्रास प्रवाह है/Capital stock is stock and depreciation is flow
Step 1
Concept
Capital stock is capital available at a point of time. Depreciation shows wear and tear of capital during a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. पूंजी भंडार स्टॉक है और मूल्यह्रास प्रवाह है / Capital stock is stock and depreciation is flow. Capital stock is capital available at a point of time. Depreciation shows wear and tear of capital during a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पूंजी भंडार किसी समय पर उपलब्ध पूंजी है। मूल्यह्रास एक अवधि में पूंजी के घिसाव को दिखाता है।
Foreign exchange reserves are the amount available on a day. Export earnings are earned during a year so they are flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Foreign exchange reserves are the amount available on a day. Export earnings are earned during a year so they are flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार किसी दिन उपलब्ध राशि है। निर्यात आय वर्ष में अर्जित होती है इसलिए प्रवाह है।
Today's cash amount exists at a point of time. Payments during the week occur over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Today's cash amount exists at a point of time. Payments during the week occur over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आज की नकद राशि समय बिंदु पर मौजूद है। सप्ताह भर के भुगतान अवधि में होते हैं।
National income is income of a year so it is flow. National wealth is total wealth at a point of time so it is stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह और स्टॉक / Flow and stock. National income is income of a year so it is flow. National wealth is total wealth at a point of time so it is stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय एक वर्ष की आय है इसलिए प्रवाह है। राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति किसी समय की कुल संपत्ति है इसलिए स्टॉक है।
Monthly sales occur during a period. Stock of goods at month end is a stock at a point of time.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. प्रवाह और स्टॉक / Flow and stock. Monthly sales occur during a period. Stock of goods at month end is a stock at a point of time.
Step 3
Exam Tip
महीने की बिक्री अवधि के दौरान होती है। महीने के अंत का माल किसी समय बिंदु का स्टॉक है।
Increase during the year indicates a time period. Such addition to capital is a flow as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. प्रवाह चर / Flow variable. Increase during the year indicates a time period. Such addition to capital is a flow as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वर्ष के दौरान वृद्धि समय अवधि को दिखाती है। पूंजी में ऐसी वृद्धि निवेश के रूप में प्रवाह है।
Population is counted at a particular point of time. Hence it is generally treated as stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. जनसंख्या प्रवाह / Population flow. Population is counted at a particular point of time. Hence it is generally treated as stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जनसंख्या किसी निश्चित समय पर गिनी जाती है। इसलिए उसे सामान्यतः स्टॉक माना जाता है।
Investment adds to capital and depreciation reduces it. When investment is greater, net capital stock increases.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. पूंजी स्टॉक बढ़ेगा / Capital stock will increase. Investment adds to capital and depreciation reduces it. When investment is greater, net capital stock increases.
Step 3
Exam Tip
निवेश पूंजी में जोड़ता है और मूल्यह्रास उसे घटाता है। निवेश अधिक होने पर शुद्ध पूंजी स्टॉक बढ़ता है।
C. जब एक वर्ष में बचत की गई राशि बताई जाए/When amount saved during one year is given
Step 1
Concept
Saving during one year is linked with a time period. Therefore it is a flow variable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. जब एक वर्ष में बचत की गई राशि बताई जाए / When amount saved during one year is given. Saving during one year is linked with a time period. Therefore it is a flow variable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक वर्ष में बचत समय अवधि से जुड़ी है। इसलिए यह प्रवाह चर है।
D. जब किसी तारीख पर जमा बचत राशि लिखी हो/When accumulated saving on a date is written
Step 1
Concept
Accumulated saving on a date is a stock. Therefore it is measured like a stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. जब किसी तारीख पर जमा बचत राशि लिखी हो / When accumulated saving on a date is written. Accumulated saving on a date is a stock. Therefore it is measured like a stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किसी तारीख पर जमा बचत राशि भंडार है। इसलिए वह स्टॉक की तरह मापी जाती है।
GDP is value produced during a year. National wealth is total wealth available at the end of the year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रवाह और स्टॉक / Flow and stock. GDP is value produced during a year. National wealth is total wealth available at the end of the year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वर्ष में उत्पादित मूल्य है। राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति वर्ष के अंत पर उपलब्ध कुल संपत्ति है।
The number of unemployed on a date is stock. The number getting jobs during a year is a flow occurring over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. The number of unemployed on a date is stock. The number getting jobs during a year is a flow occurring over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किसी तारीख पर बेरोजगारों की संख्या स्टॉक है। वर्ष में रोजगार पाने वालों की संख्या अवधि में होने वाला प्रवाह है।
C. वर्ष के अंत का भंडार समय बिंदु है/End year stock is point of time
Step 1
Concept
End year stock is a quantity existing at a particular time. Hence it is linked with a point of time.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वर्ष के अंत का भंडार समय बिंदु है / End year stock is point of time. End year stock is a quantity existing at a particular time. Hence it is linked with a point of time.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वर्ष के अंत का भंडार एक निश्चित समय पर मौजूद मात्रा है। इसलिए यह समय बिंदु से जुड़ा है।
A. यह किसी निश्चित तारीख पर मापी गई मात्रा है/It is a quantity measured on a specific date
Step 1
Concept
Stock is measured on a date or point of time. Keep it separate from period based flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह किसी निश्चित तारीख पर मापी गई मात्रा है / It is a quantity measured on a specific date. Stock is measured on a date or point of time. Keep it separate from period based flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्टॉक किसी तारीख या समय बिंदु पर मापा जाता है। इसे अवधि वाले प्रवाह से अलग रखें।
Tractors available today are a stock of capital. Tractors bought during the year show a flow of investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Tractors available today are a stock of capital. Tractors bought during the year show a flow of investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आज उपलब्ध ट्रैक्टर पूंजी का स्टॉक हैं। वर्ष में खरीदे गए ट्रैक्टर निवेश का प्रवाह दिखाते हैं।
C. मूल्यह्रास पूंजी स्टॉक को घटाता है/Depreciation reduces capital stock
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation shows wear and tear of capital during a period. It can reduce capital stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. मूल्यह्रास पूंजी स्टॉक को घटाता है / Depreciation reduces capital stock. Depreciation shows wear and tear of capital during a period. It can reduce capital stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास अवधि में पूंजी के घिसाव को दिखाता है। यह पूंजी स्टॉक को घटा सकता है।
Wealth is total property available at a point of time. Therefore it is stock, not flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. धन संपत्ति प्रवाह है / Wealth is flow. Wealth is total property available at a point of time. Therefore it is stock, not flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धन संपत्ति किसी समय पर उपलब्ध कुल संपत्ति है। इसलिए यह स्टॉक है, प्रवाह नहीं।
Total deposits are an outstanding amount on a date. Interest income is earned during a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Total deposits are an outstanding amount on a date. Interest income is earned during a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुल जमा किसी तारीख पर बकाया राशि है। ब्याज आय अवधि में अर्जित होती है।
B. बचत प्रति वर्ष प्रवाह और जमा बचत किसी दिन स्टॉक हो सकती है/Saving per year can be flow and accumulated saving on a day can be stock
Step 1
Concept
The nature of measurement can change with context. Saving over a period is flow and accumulated amount is stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. बचत प्रति वर्ष प्रवाह और जमा बचत किसी दिन स्टॉक हो सकती है / Saving per year can be flow and accumulated saving on a day can be stock. The nature of measurement can change with context. Saving over a period is flow and accumulated amount is stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
संदर्भ बदलने से माप का स्वरूप बदल सकता है। अवधि में बचत प्रवाह है और जमा राशि स्टॉक है।
The phrase in one quarter indicates a period. Hence it is a clue for identifying a flow variable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. एक तिमाही में बिक्री / Sales in one quarter. The phrase in one quarter indicates a period. Hence it is a clue for identifying a flow variable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक तिमाही में शब्द अवधि बताता है। इसलिए यह प्रवाह चर पहचानने का संकेत है।
D. 31 दिसंबर को विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार/Foreign exchange reserves on 31 December
Step 1
Concept
31 December is a specific date. Reserves on this date are a stock variable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. 31 दिसंबर को विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार / Foreign exchange reserves on 31 December. 31 December is a specific date. Reserves on this date are a stock variable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
31 दिसंबर एक निश्चित तारीख है। इस तारीख पर भंडार स्टॉक चर है।
Total cost during the year is measured over a period. Raw material stock at year end is measured at a point of time.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रवाह और स्टॉक / Flow and stock. Total cost during the year is measured over a period. Raw material stock at year end is measured at a point of time.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वर्ष भर की लागत अवधि में मापी जाती है। वर्ष के अंत का कच्चा माल भंडार समय बिंदु पर मापा जाता है।
Today's balance is stock because it is at a point of time. Amount received during the month is flow because it relates to a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Today's balance is stock because it is at a point of time. Amount received during the month is flow because it relates to a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आज का शेष स्टॉक है क्योंकि यह समय बिंदु पर है। महीने भर में प्राप्त राशि प्रवाह है क्योंकि यह अवधि से जुड़ी है।
C. किराया आय और उपभोग व्यय/Rent income and consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Rent income and consumption expenditure are both measured over a period. Hence both are flow in nature.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. किराया आय और उपभोग व्यय / Rent income and consumption expenditure. Rent income and consumption expenditure are both measured over a period. Hence both are flow in nature.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किराया आय और उपभोग व्यय दोनों अवधि में मापे जाते हैं। इसलिए दोनों प्रवाह प्रकृति के हैं।
D. बकाया ऋण और मशीनों का भंडार/Outstanding debt and stock of machines
Step 1
Concept
Outstanding debt and stock of machines are measured at a point of time. Therefore both are stock in nature.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. बकाया ऋण और मशीनों का भंडार / Outstanding debt and stock of machines. Outstanding debt and stock of machines are measured at a point of time. Therefore both are stock in nature.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बकाया ऋण और मशीनों का भंडार किसी समय पर मापा जाता है। इसलिए दोनों स्टॉक प्रकृति के हैं।
C. राशि एक वित्तीय वर्ष में कमाई गई है/The amount is earned in one financial year
Step 1
Concept
Earned in one financial year indicates a period. Therefore such a variable is a flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. राशि एक वित्तीय वर्ष में कमाई गई है / The amount is earned in one financial year. Earned in one financial year indicates a period. Therefore such a variable is a flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक वित्तीय वर्ष में कमाई अवधि को बताती है। इसलिए ऐसा चर प्रवाह है।
D. राशि किसी तारीख पर बकाया है/The amount is outstanding on a date
Step 1
Concept
An outstanding amount on a date relates to a point of time. Hence it is a stock variable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. राशि किसी तारीख पर बकाया है / The amount is outstanding on a date. An outstanding amount on a date relates to a point of time. Hence it is a stock variable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किसी तारीख पर बकाया राशि समय बिंदु से संबंधित होती है। इसलिए वह स्टॉक चर है।
Stock is measured on a date or at a point of time. Therefore mentioning the date is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. तारीख या समय बिंदु / Date or point of time. Stock is measured on a date or at a point of time. Therefore mentioning the date is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्टॉक किसी तारीख या समय बिंदु पर मापा जाता है। इसलिए तारीख का उल्लेख महत्वपूर्ण है।
A. बैंक शेष और मासिक निकासी/Bank balance and monthly withdrawals
Step 1
Concept
Bank balance is stock and monthly withdrawals are flow. The order is from stock to flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बैंक शेष और मासिक निकासी / Bank balance and monthly withdrawals. Bank balance is stock and monthly withdrawals are flow. The order is from stock to flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बैंक शेष स्टॉक है और मासिक निकासी प्रवाह है। क्रम स्टॉक से प्रवाह का है।
B. वार्षिक बचत और जमा बचत राशि/Annual saving and accumulated saving amount
Step 1
Concept
Annual saving is flow and accumulated saving amount is stock. Hence the order is from flow to stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वार्षिक बचत और जमा बचत राशि / Annual saving and accumulated saving amount. Annual saving is flow and accumulated saving amount is stock. Hence the order is from flow to stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वार्षिक बचत प्रवाह है और जमा बचत राशि स्टॉक है। इसलिए क्रम प्रवाह से स्टॉक का है।
D. निवेश प्रवाह है जो पूंजी स्टॉक को बदलता है/Investment is a flow that changes capital stock
Step 1
Concept
Investment adds to capital during a period. Therefore it is a flow that changes capital stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. निवेश प्रवाह है जो पूंजी स्टॉक को बदलता है / Investment is a flow that changes capital stock. Investment adds to capital during a period. Therefore it is a flow that changes capital stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
निवेश एक अवधि में पूंजी में जोड़ता है। इसलिए वह पूंजी स्टॉक को बदलने वाला प्रवाह है।
Income for the year is earned over a period. Wealth at year end is the amount available at a point of time.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रवाह और स्टॉक / Flow and stock. Income for the year is earned over a period. Wealth at year end is the amount available at a point of time.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वर्ष की आय अवधि में अर्जित होती है। वर्ष के अंत की कुल संपत्ति समय बिंदु पर उपलब्ध धन है।
B. स्टॉक समय बिंदु पर और प्रवाह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है/Stock is measured at a point of time and flow over a period
Step 1
Concept
The basic difference between stock and flow is related to time. Point of time indicates stock and period of time indicates flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक समय बिंदु पर और प्रवाह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है / Stock is measured at a point of time and flow over a period. The basic difference between stock and flow is related to time. Point of time indicates stock and period of time indicates flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्टॉक और प्रवाह का मूल अंतर समय से जुड़ा है। समय बिंदु स्टॉक और समय अवधि प्रवाह का संकेत है।
Income and investment are measured over a period so they are flows. Wealth is total property at a point of time so it is stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. आय प्रवाह, धन स्टॉक, निवेश प्रवाह / Income flow, wealth stock, investment flow. Income and investment are measured over a period so they are flows. Wealth is total property at a point of time so it is stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय और निवेश अवधि में मापे जाते हैं इसलिए प्रवाह हैं। धन किसी समय की कुल संपत्ति है इसलिए स्टॉक है।
Capital on 1 January is a stock at a point of time. Investment of the same year is a flow measured over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Capital on 1 January is a stock at a point of time. Investment of the same year is a flow measured over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
1 जनवरी की पूंजी एक समय बिंदु का स्टॉक है। उसी वर्ष का निवेश अवधि में मापा गया प्रवाह है।
A. तारीख हो तो स्टॉक और अवधि हो तो प्रवाह सोचें/If there is a date think stock and if there is a period think flow
Step 1
Concept
Time clue is the most useful for identifying stock and flow. Look at date and period first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. तारीख हो तो स्टॉक और अवधि हो तो प्रवाह सोचें / If there is a date think stock and if there is a period think flow. Time clue is the most useful for identifying stock and flow. Look at date and period first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्टॉक और प्रवाह पहचानने में समय संकेत सबसे उपयोगी है। तारीख और अवधि को पहले देखें।
Cash balance at the end of the day is a stock measured at a point of time. Cash receipts during the day are a flow measured over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Cash balance at the end of the day is a stock measured at a point of time. Cash receipts during the day are a flow measured over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दिन के अंत का नकद शेष समय बिंदु पर मापा गया स्टॉक है। दिन भर की नकद प्राप्तियां अवधि में मापा गया प्रवाह हैं।
Finished goods inventory at year end is a quantity existing at a point of time. Sales during the year are an activity over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Finished goods inventory at year end is a quantity existing at a point of time. Sales during the year are an activity over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वर्ष के अंत का तैयार माल भंडार किसी समय पर मौजूद मात्रा है। वर्ष भर की बिक्री समय अवधि में हुई गतिविधि है।
A. मशीनों का भंडार और वर्ष में खरीदी गई मशीनें/Stock of machines and machines bought during the year
Step 1
Concept
Stock of machines is a stock and machines bought during the year are a flow adding to that stock. Notice the flow that changes the stock.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मशीनों का भंडार और वर्ष में खरीदी गई मशीनें / Stock of machines and machines bought during the year. Stock of machines is a stock and machines bought during the year are a flow adding to that stock. Notice the flow that changes the stock.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मशीनों का भंडार स्टॉक है और वर्ष में खरीदी गई मशीनें उस स्टॉक में जोड़ने वाला प्रवाह हैं। स्टॉक को बदलने वाले प्रवाह पर ध्यान दें।
Total liability today is an outstanding amount at a point of time. New loan taken during the month is a flow occurring over a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. स्टॉक और प्रवाह / Stock and flow. Total liability today is an outstanding amount at a point of time. New loan taken during the month is a flow occurring over a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आज की कुल देनदारी किसी समय बिंदु पर बकाया राशि है। महीने भर में लिया गया नया ऋण अवधि में हुआ प्रवाह है।
