Bhakti and Sufi ideas and practices

Kabir emphasised sincere devotion, ethical living and the unity of humanity. He criticised empty ritual, religious pretence and divisions based on external identity, and his verses are commonly linked with nirguna Bhakti. Coin minting, irrigation taxation and war policy belong to administration or politics and do not describe the main concerns of his teachings.

Kabir used accessible speech, striking images and references drawn from everyday occupations and social life. His verses questioned empty ritual and expressed ideas of inner devotion in forms that listeners could remember and repeat. They were not restricted to court Persian, ancient inscriptions or royal orders, so the description of simple, popular language in A is correct.

Guru Nanak taught devotion to one formless God, honest work, sharing with others and the equality of human beings. These teachings challenged social discrimination and empty ritual and later became central to the Sikh tradition. Military expansion, raising taxes and building palaces were not the central principles of his spiritual message, so A is correct.

Many Sufi teachings presented love of God, compassion and service to people as ways of purifying the heart and moving toward spiritual closeness. Khanqahs often offered hospitality and support, though practices differed among orders and saints. Increasing taxes, capturing forts and melting coins are political or economic activities, not the spiritual purpose described here, so A is correct.