01 A region has fertile soil, adequate water, good transport, and employment, yet population remains relatively low because of long-standing political instability and insecurity. What is the most scientific conclusion?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Population distribution depends on the balance among physical, economic, and political factors
Explanation: Population distribution is shaped by several groups of factors, not by one factor alone. Fertile soil, water, transport, and jobs make a region attractive, but long-term political instability and insecurity can discourage families, investors, and public institutions. People may fear violence, uncertain property rights, disrupted services, or an unstable future, so they may avoid permanent settlement despite physical and economic advantages. The final pattern reflects the balance among physical, economic, and political conditions. Therefore option C is correct.
The word “always” makes option A unreasonable, because security risks can outweigh other benefits in particular situations. Low population does not prove that jobs are absent, so B is also invalid. Political conditions clearly influence migration, investment, and settlement decisions, contrary to D. A scientific conclusion must consider interacting factors and their relative strength rather than assuming that one favourable resource guarantees dense population.