Agricultural Development

Correct answer: A. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and water

The governing concept is that agricultural intensification can produce both benefits and environmental costs. Green Revolution methods increased yields through improved seeds, irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. However, repeated or excessive use of chemical inputs may contaminate soil and water, reduce beneficial organisms, and contribute to nutrient imbalance. Heavy irrigation can also cause groundwater depletion, waterlogging, or salinity. Therefore, option A is correct because it identifies a possible environmental drawback. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: the Green Revolution did not end agriculture, improve every soil, or eliminate the need for water.