Class 12 Economics - National Income and Related Aggregates - Methods of calculating national income - Value Added/Product Method Hard Quiz

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यदि वही आटा घर द्वारा रोटी बनाने के लिए खरीदा जाए और बेकरी द्वारा ब्रेड बनाने के लिए खरीदा जाए, तो वर्गीकरण में मुख्य अंतर क्या होगा?

If the same flour is bought by a household for making chapatis and by a bakery for making bread, what is the main difference in classification?

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Correct Answer

A. घर के लिए अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु, बेकरी के लिए मध्यवर्ती वस्तुFinal consumption good for household, intermediate good for bakery

Step 1

Concept

Classification depends on the use of the good. In exams, identify the buyer and purpose first.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. घर के लिए अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु, बेकरी के लिए मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Final consumption good for household, intermediate good for bakery. Classification depends on the use of the good. In exams, identify the buyer and purpose first.

Step 3

Exam Tip

वस्तु का वर्गीकरण उसके उपयोग पर निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में खरीदार और उद्देश्य को पहले पहचानें।

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किसी कारखाने द्वारा उत्पादन में कई वर्षों तक उपयोग के लिए खरीदी गई मशीन किस प्रकार की वस्तु है?

A machine bought by a factory for use in production over several years is what type of good?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तुFinal capital good

Step 1

Concept

A machine is repeatedly used in production and is not used up in the same year. So it is a final capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु / Final capital good. A machine is repeatedly used in production and is not used up in the same year. So it is a final capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मशीन उत्पादन में बार बार उपयोग होती है और उसी वर्ष समाप्त नहीं होती। इसलिए यह अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु है।

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यदि बिजली कंपनी द्वारा खरीदा गया कोयला बिजली उत्पादन में जलकर समाप्त हो जाता है, तो वह क्या कहलाएगा?

If coal bought by an electricity company is burnt up in producing electricity, what will it be called?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

Coal is completely used up in the production process. Such a good is treated as an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. Coal is completely used up in the production process. Such a good is treated as an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कोयला उत्पादन प्रक्रिया में पूरी तरह खर्च हो जाता है। ऐसी वस्तु मध्यवर्ती वस्तु मानी जाती है।

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यदि एक परिवार निजी उपयोग के लिए कार खरीदता है, तो राष्ट्रीय आय लेखांकन में वह किस श्रेणी में आएगी?

If a family buys a car for private use, under which category will it fall in national income accounting?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

D. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तुFinal consumption good

Step 1

Concept

A car bought by a household for private use is a final consumption good. Being durable does not make it a capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is D. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु / Final consumption good. A car bought by a household for private use is a final consumption good. Being durable does not make it a capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

परिवार द्वारा निजी उपयोग के लिए खरीदी गई कार अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है। टिकाऊ होना इसे पूंजीगत वस्तु नहीं बनाता।

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यदि किसान द्वारा खरीदा गया ट्रैक्टर कई वर्षों तक खेती में उपयोग होता है, तो वह किस श्रेणी में आएगा?

If a tractor bought by a farmer is used in farming for many years, which category will it fall under?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तुFinal capital good

Step 1

Concept

A tractor is a durable asset that raises productive capacity. Hence, it is a capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु / Final capital good. A tractor is a durable asset that raises productive capacity. Hence, it is a capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

ट्रैक्टर उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाने वाला टिकाऊ साधन है। इसलिए यह पूंजीगत वस्तु है।

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राष्ट्रीय आय में दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए किसे सीधे अंतिम उत्पादन में शामिल नहीं किया जाना चाहिए?

To avoid double counting in national income, which should not be directly included in final output?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्यValue of intermediate goods

Step 1

Concept

The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately causes double counting.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य / Value of intermediate goods. The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding it separately causes double counting.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तुओं में पहले ही शामिल होता है। इन्हें अलग जोड़ने से दोहरी गणना होगी।

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किस वस्तु को पूंजीगत वस्तु मानने के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त शर्त कौन सी है?

Which condition is most suitable for treating a good as a capital good?

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Correct Answer

B. वह उत्पादन में बार बार उपयोग होकर आय सृजन में मदद करेIt is used repeatedly in production and helps generate income

Step 1

Concept

A capital good provides services in production for a long period. Durable productive use, not price, is the key basis.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. वह उत्पादन में बार बार उपयोग होकर आय सृजन में मदद करे / It is used repeatedly in production and helps generate income. A capital good provides services in production for a long period. Durable productive use, not price, is the key basis.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पूंजीगत वस्तु उत्पादन में लंबे समय तक सेवा देती है। कीमत नहीं, उत्पादन में टिकाऊ उपयोग मुख्य आधार है।

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किसी दवा कंपनी द्वारा दवा बनाने के लिए खरीदा गया रसायन किस प्रकार की वस्तु है?

A chemical bought by a pharmaceutical company to produce medicine is what type of good?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

The chemical becomes an input and is transformed in medicine production. So it is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. The chemical becomes an input and is transformed in medicine production. So it is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

रसायन दवा निर्माण में इनपुट बनता है और आगे रूपांतरित होता है। इसलिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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किसी निर्माता द्वारा उत्पादन में एक वर्ष के भीतर पूरी तरह खर्च होने वाली वस्तु सामान्यतः किस श्रेणी में होती है?

A good completely used up by a producer within one year in production generally belongs to which category?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

A good quickly used up in production is generally an intermediate good. In exams, identify inputs consumed in production.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. A good quickly used up in production is generally an intermediate good. In exams, identify inputs consumed in production.

Step 3

Exam Tip

जो वस्तु उत्पादन में शीघ्र समाप्त हो जाती है वह प्रायः मध्यवर्ती वस्तु होती है। परीक्षा में उत्पादन में खर्च होने वाले इनपुट पहचानें।

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किस स्थिति में चीनी को मध्यवर्ती वस्तु माना जाएगा?

In which situation will sugar be treated as an intermediate good?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मिठाई कारखाने द्वारा मिठाई बनाने के लिए खरीदी जाएBought by a sweet factory to make sweets

Step 1

Concept

In a sweet factory, sugar is an input for further production. So it is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मिठाई कारखाने द्वारा मिठाई बनाने के लिए खरीदी जाए / Bought by a sweet factory to make sweets. In a sweet factory, sugar is an input for further production. So it is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मिठाई कारखाने में चीनी आगे उत्पादन का इनपुट है। इसलिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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उत्पादन में इस्तेमाल होने वाली सूती कपास और उपभोक्ता द्वारा पहनी जाने वाली तैयार शर्ट में सही अंतर क्या है?

What is the correct difference between cotton used in production and a ready shirt worn by a consumer?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. कपास मध्यवर्ती वस्तु, शर्ट अंतिम उपभोग वस्तुCotton intermediate good, shirt final consumption good

Step 1

Concept

Cotton goes into further production, while the shirt is for the consumer's final use. Hence their categories differ.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. कपास मध्यवर्ती वस्तु, शर्ट अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु / Cotton intermediate good, shirt final consumption good. Cotton goes into further production, while the shirt is for the consumer's final use. Hence their categories differ.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कपास आगे उत्पादन में जाती है, जबकि शर्ट उपभोक्ता का अंतिम उपयोग है। इसलिए दोनों की श्रेणी अलग है।

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कौन सा कथन पूंजीगत वस्तु और मध्यवर्ती वस्तु के बीच सही भेद बताता है?

Which statement correctly distinguishes capital goods from intermediate goods?

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Correct Answer

B. पूंजीगत वस्तु बार बार उत्पादन में सेवा देती है, मध्यवर्ती वस्तु उत्पादन में खर्च या रूपांतरित हो जाती हैCapital goods serve repeatedly in production, intermediate goods are used up or transformed

Step 1

Concept

Capital goods provide services over time, while intermediate goods get absorbed in production. This is the key exam point.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. पूंजीगत वस्तु बार बार उत्पादन में सेवा देती है, मध्यवर्ती वस्तु उत्पादन में खर्च या रूपांतरित हो जाती है / Capital goods serve repeatedly in production, intermediate goods are used up or transformed. Capital goods provide services over time, while intermediate goods get absorbed in production. This is the key exam point.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पूंजीगत वस्तुएं लंबे समय तक सेवा देती हैं और मध्यवर्ती वस्तुएं उत्पादन में समाहित हो जाती हैं। यही मुख्य परीक्षा बिंदु है।

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किसी उत्पादन इकाई द्वारा खरीदा गया ईंधन जो उत्पादन चलाने में उसी अवधि में समाप्त हो जाता है, क्या है?

Fuel bought by a production unit that is exhausted in running production during the same period is what?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

Fuel is consumed in production and does not reach the final user as a separate good. It is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. Fuel is consumed in production and does not reach the final user as a separate good. It is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

ईंधन उत्पादन में खर्च हो जाता है और अंतिम उपयोगकर्ता तक अलग वस्तु के रूप में नहीं जाता। यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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एक दर्जी द्वारा ग्राहक के कपड़े सिलने के लिए खरीदा गया धागा क्या होगा?

What will thread bought by a tailor for stitching customers' clothes be?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

The tailor uses thread as an input in producing a service. Therefore, it is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. The tailor uses thread as an input in producing a service. Therefore, it is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

दर्जी धागे का उपयोग सेवा उत्पादन में इनपुट के रूप में करता है। इसलिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं को अंतिम वस्तुओं से अलग करना राष्ट्रीय आय में क्यों आवश्यक है?

Why is it necessary to separate intermediate goods from final goods in national income?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिएTo prevent double counting

Step 1

Concept

The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately would overstate national income.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. दोहरी गणना रोकने के लिए / To prevent double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding it separately would overstate national income.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तुओं में शामिल हो जाता है। अलग जोड़ने से राष्ट्रीय आय बढ़ी हुई दिखेगी।

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