Chemistry
Electrochemistry
विद्युत रसायन
Class 12 Chemistry chapter Electrochemistry explains how chemical reactions and electrical energy are interconverted. Students learn about galvanic and electrolytic cells, electrode potential, cell notation, the Nernst equation, and the relationship between Gibbs energy and cell voltage. The chapter also develops concepts of electrolytic conductivity, molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, commercial cells, and corrosion, helping learners connect calculations with practical applications.
1Electrochemical Cells
विद्युतरासायनिक सेल
In this Class 12 Chemistry topic from Chapter 02: Electrochemistry, students learn how electrochemical cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy and how electrolytic cells use electricity to drive chemical reactions. The topic explains oxidation and reduction at the anode and cathode, the role of the electrolyte and salt bridge, cell notation, electrode potential, EMF, and the working of galvanic and electrolytic cells. It also introduces the Nernst equation and connects cell potential with reaction spontaneity and equilibrium.
0 questionsThermodynamics of Cells
वैद्युत-रासायनिक कोशिकाओं की ऊष्मागतिकी
In this Class 12 Chemistry topic from Chapter 02: Electrochemistry, students explore how thermodynamics explains the working of electrochemical cells. They connect cell potential with Gibbs free energy, determine whether a redox reaction is spontaneous, and understand the meaning of positive and negative cell potentials. The topic also introduces the relationship between electrical work, equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant, helping students interpret cell reactions quantitatively.
0 questionsConductance in Electrolytic Solutions
विद्युत्-अपघट्य विलयनों में चालकता
In Class 12 Chemistry, this topic from Chapter 02: Electrochemistry explains how electrolytic solutions conduct electricity through the movement of ions. Students learn the relationship between resistance, conductance, conductivity, cell constant and molar conductivity, along with the principles used to measure them. The topic also examines how conductivity changes with concentration or dilution and introduces the use of Kohlrausch’s law to understand ionic contributions and calculate limiting molar conductivity.
0 questionsKohlrausch's Law
कोलराउश का नियम
In Class 12 Chemistry, Kohlrausch’s Law is studied in Chapter 02: Electrochemistry to understand the limiting molar conductivity of electrolytes. It states that at infinite dilution, each ion contributes independently to the total conductivity of an electrolyte, so the limiting molar conductivity can be calculated by adding the ionic contributions of its cation and anion. Students learn how to apply this relation to weak electrolytes, determine their degree of dissociation, estimate dissociation constants, and find the solubility of sparingly soluble salts.
0 questionsElectrolysis
विद्युत अपघटन
Electrolysis (विद्युत अपघटन) in Class 12 Chemistry explains how electrical energy drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction in an electrolytic cell. As part of Chapter 02: Electrochemistry, students study the movement of ions, oxidation at the anode, reduction at the cathode, and the factors that determine which substances are discharged. The topic also introduces Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, related numerical calculations, and applications such as electroplating, metal extraction, and purification.
0 questionsCommercial Cells
वाणिज्यिक विद्युत रासायनिक सेल
Commercial Cells in Class 12 Chemistry’s Chapter 02: Electrochemistry explains how electrochemical cells are designed for practical energy storage and supply. Students study the construction, working, electrode reactions, and uses of common cells such as the dry cell, mercury cell, lead storage battery, and hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell. The topic connects oxidation–reduction reactions, electrode potentials, electrolytes, cell notation, and rechargeable versus non-rechargeable systems, helping learners compare efficiency, voltage, environmental concerns, and everyday applications.
0 questionsCorrosion
संक्षारण
In this Class 12 Chemistry topic from Chapter 02: Electrochemistry, students learn how metals gradually deteriorate through chemical or electrochemical reactions with their surroundings. The topic explains rusting of iron, the formation of anodic and cathodic regions, the role of moisture and oxygen, and the movement of electrons and ions during corrosion. It also introduces practical methods of prevention, including protective coatings, galvanisation, alloying, and cathodic protection, linking electrochemical principles with everyday examples and industrial applications.
0 questions