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Class 11 Biotechnology Easy Quiz

Level 51 • 50/50 questions • 40 seconds per question.

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किस प्रकार के प्रतिबंध एंजाइम पुनःसंयोजक डीएनए तकनीक में सबसे अधिक उपयोगी माने जाते हैं?

Which type of restriction enzymes are considered most useful in recombinant DNA technology?

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A. टाइप द्वितीय प्रतिबंध एंजाइमType II restriction enzymes

Explanation

Simple Explanation

टाइप द्वितीय एंजाइम सामान्यतः विशिष्ट स्थान पर डीएनए काटते हैं। परीक्षा में इन्हें cloning-friendly enzymes मानें। / Type II enzymes generally cut DNA at specific sites. In exams treat them as cloning-friendly enzymes.

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टाइप द्वितीय प्रतिबंध एंजाइम की मुख्य विशेषता क्या है?

What is the main feature of Type II restriction enzymes?

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B. वे सामान्यतः recognition site के अंदर या पास डीएनए काटते हैंThey usually cut DNA within or near the recognition site

Explanation

Simple Explanation

टाइप द्वितीय एंजाइम का cut predictable होता है। इसलिए recombinant DNA work में ये बहुत उपयोगी हैं। / Type II enzymes give predictable cuts. Therefore they are very useful in recombinant DNA work.

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प्रतिबंध एंजाइम डीएनए को क्यों नहीं हर जगह काटते?

Why do restriction enzymes not cut DNA everywhere?

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C. क्योंकि वे खास recognition sequence पहचानते हैंBecause they recognize a specific recognition sequence

Explanation

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प्रतिबंध एंजाइम खास क्रम पहचानकर ही cut करते हैं। इसी कारण fragment pattern predictable होता है। / Restriction enzymes cut only after recognizing a specific sequence. This makes the fragment pattern predictable.

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Recognition sequence जितनी लंबी होगी उसका डीएनए में मिलना सामान्यतः कैसा होगा?

If a recognition sequence is longer how common is it generally in DNA?

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D. कम commonLess common

Explanation

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लंबा sequence संयोग से कम बार मिलता है। इसलिए long recognition sites कम cuts दे सकती हैं। / A longer sequence occurs less often by chance. Therefore long recognition sites may give fewer cuts.

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चार base वाली recognition site छह base वाली site की तुलना में सामान्यतः कैसी होती है?

Compared with a six-base recognition site how is a four-base recognition site generally?

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A. अधिक बार मिलने वालीMore frequently occurring

Explanation

Simple Explanation

छोटी recognition site डीएनए में अधिक बार मिल सकती है। इससे अधिक fragments बन सकते हैं। / A shorter recognition site can occur more often in DNA. This can produce more fragments.

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Restriction digest में बहुत अधिक fragments बनने का एक कारण क्या हो सकता है?

What can be one reason for too many fragments in a restriction digest?

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B. बहुत छोटी और बार-बार मिलने वाली recognition siteVery short and frequent recognition site

Explanation

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छोटी site डीएनए में कई बार मिल सकती है। इसलिए digestion में अधिक fragments आ सकते हैं। / A short site can occur many times in DNA. Therefore many fragments can appear in digestion.

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Cloning में ऐसा enzyme क्यों चुना जाता है जो vector को केवल एक जगह काटे?

Why is an enzyme chosen that cuts a vector at only one place in cloning?

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C. vector को controlled तरीके से खोलने के लिएTo open the vector in a controlled way

Explanation

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एक unique cut site vector को एक स्थान पर linearize करती है। इससे insert जोड़ना आसान होता है। / A unique cut site linearizes the vector at one position. This makes insert joining easier.

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अगर chosen enzyme vector के essential gene के अंदर cut करे तो क्या समस्या होगी?

What problem occurs if the chosen enzyme cuts inside an essential vector gene?

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D. vector function खराब हो सकता हैVector function can be damaged

Explanation

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Vector के origin या marker जैसे जरूरी हिस्से बचने चाहिए। गलत cut vector को useless बना सकता है। / Essential parts such as origin or marker of a vector must be protected. A wrong cut can make the vector useless.

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Restriction digestion से पहले vector map में selectable marker देखना क्यों उपयोगी है?

Why is it useful to check selectable marker in a vector map before restriction digestion?

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A. marker को damage होने से बचाने के लिएTo avoid damaging the marker

Explanation

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Selectable marker transformants की पहचान में मदद करता है। उसे काटने से selection fail हो सकती है। / A selectable marker helps identify transformants. Cutting it can cause selection failure.

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Restriction digestion में origin of replication को क्यों सुरक्षित रखना चाहिए?

Why should origin of replication be protected in restriction digestion?

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B. क्योंकि plasmid replication के लिए जरूरी हैBecause it is necessary for plasmid replication

Explanation

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Origin खराब होने पर plasmid host में replicate नहीं करेगा। इसलिए vector map देखकर enzyme चुनें। / If the origin is damaged the plasmid will not replicate in host. Therefore choose enzyme using vector map.

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MCS में restriction sites होने का मुख्य लाभ क्या है?

What is the main benefit of restriction sites in MCS?

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C. वे insert cloning के लिए options देते हैंThey give options for insert cloning

Explanation

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MCS कई restriction sites का छोटा region होता है। इससे cloning enzyme चुनने में flexibility मिलती है। / MCS is a short region with many restriction sites. It gives flexibility in choosing cloning enzymes.

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Restriction site अगर promoter region को काट दे तो expression construct में क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can occur in an expression construct if a restriction site cuts the promoter region?

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D. gene expression प्रभावित हो सकती हैGene expression can be affected

Explanation

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Promoter gene expression शुरू करने में मदद करता है। Promoter damage expression को कमजोर या बंद कर सकता है। / A promoter helps start gene expression. Promoter damage can weaken or stop expression.

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Restriction enzyme selection में reading frame कब महत्वपूर्ण हो सकता है?

When can reading frame be important in restriction enzyme selection?

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A. protein expression cloning मेंIn protein expression cloning

Explanation

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Expression cloning में insert सही frame में होना चाहिए। Wrong frame protein product बदल सकता है। / In expression cloning the insert should be in the correct frame. A wrong frame can change the protein product.

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यदि insert wrong reading frame में लग जाए तो क्या हो सकता है?

What can happen if an insert joins in the wrong reading frame?

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B. गलत या nonfunctional protein बन सकता हैWrong or nonfunctional protein may form

Explanation

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Reading frame protein sequence तय करता है। Frame shift होने पर protein function बदल सकता है। / Reading frame determines protein sequence. A frame shift can alter protein function.

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Restriction digestion में overhang sequence क्यों important है?

Why is overhang sequence important in restriction digestion?

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C. यह ligation compatibility तय करता हैIt determines ligation compatibility

Explanation

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Sticky end का overhang complementary end से pair करता है। इसलिए overhang sequence cloning में important है। / The overhang of a sticky end pairs with a complementary end. Therefore overhang sequence is important in cloning.

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दो अलग restriction enzymes same overhang बना दें तो क्या हो सकता है?

What can happen if two different restriction enzymes create the same overhang?

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A. वे ends ligate हो सकते हैंThe ends can ligate

Explanation

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Same overhang compatible ends बना सकता है। लेकिन ligation के बाद original site बदल सकती है। / The same overhang can create compatible ends. But after ligation the original site may change.

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Ligation के बाद restriction site वापस न बने तो इसका कारण क्या हो सकता है?

What can cause a restriction site not to be restored after ligation?

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A. hybrid compatible ends का जुड़नाJoining of hybrid compatible ends

Explanation

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अलग enzymes के compatible ends जुड़कर नया hybrid sequence बना सकते हैं। इससे original site वापस नहीं बनती। / Compatible ends from different enzymes can join to form a new hybrid sequence. Thus the original site is not restored.

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Restriction digestion में adapter का उपयोग किसलिए किया जा सकता है?

Why can an adapter be used in restriction digestion based work?

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B. desired restriction end जोड़ने के लिएTo add a desired restriction end

Explanation

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Adapter छोटे DNA pieces होते हैं जो useful ends provide कर सकते हैं। यह cloning strategy में मदद करता है। / Adapters are short DNA pieces that can provide useful ends. This helps in cloning strategy.

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Linker का cloning में क्या उपयोग हो सकता है?

What can be the use of a linker in cloning?

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C. restriction site introduce करनाIntroducing a restriction site

Explanation

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Linkers short DNA sequences होते हैं जिनमें restriction sites हो सकती हैं। इन्हें cloning में ends बनाने के लिए use किया जा सकता है। / Linkers are short DNA sequences that may contain restriction sites. They can be used to make ends in cloning.

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Blunt DNA fragment में sticky end कैसे जोड़ा जा सकता है?

How can a sticky end be added to a blunt DNA fragment?

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A. adapter या linker की मदद सेWith help of adapter or linker

Explanation

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Adapters या linkers blunt fragments में desired restriction ends जोड़ सकते हैं। इससे cloning आसान हो सकती है। / Adapters or linkers can add desired restriction ends to blunt fragments. This can make cloning easier.

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Restriction digestion में blunt end और sticky end का choice किस पर निर्भर करता है?

On what does choice between blunt end and sticky end depend in restriction digestion?

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A. cloning strategy और available sites परOn cloning strategy and available sites

Explanation

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Sticky ends अक्सर efficient ligation देते हैं पर blunt cloning भी संभव है। Strategy enzyme sites पर निर्भर करती है। / Sticky ends often give efficient ligation but blunt cloning is also possible. Strategy depends on enzyme sites.

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Restriction enzyme site अगर insert के दोनों sides पर हो तो क्या लाभ है?

What is the benefit if restriction enzyme sites are on both sides of an insert?

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A. insert को release किया जा सकता हैInsert can be released

Explanation

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दो flanking sites insert को vector से निकालने में मदद करते हैं। Gel पर insert band देखा जा सकता है। / Two flanking sites help remove insert from vector. The insert band can be seen on gel.

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Flanking restriction sites का अर्थ क्या है?

What do flanking restriction sites mean?

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A. insert के दोनों ओर मौजूद sitesSites present on both sides of insert

Explanation

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Flanking sites insert को boundaries पर cut करने में मदद करती हैं। ये diagnostic और cloning काम में useful हैं। / Flanking sites help cut at the boundaries of insert. They are useful in diagnostic and cloning work.

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Restriction digest से insert size कैसे confirm किया जा सकता है?

How can insert size be confirmed by restriction digest?

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A. flanking enzymes से cut करके expected band देखकरBy cutting with flanking enzymes and observing expected band

Explanation

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Flanking digest insert को अलग band के रूप में दिखा सकता है। Band size ladder से compare करें। / A flanking digest can show the insert as a separate band. Compare band size with ladder.

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अगर insert बहुत छोटा हो तो gel पर उसे देखना क्यों कठिन हो सकता है?

Why can a very small insert be difficult to see on gel?

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A. वह तेजी से run कर सकता है और faint हो सकता हैIt may run fast and appear faint

Explanation

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छोटे fragments जल्दी migrate करते हैं और कम मात्रा में faint दिख सकते हैं। Suitable gel percentage use करें। / Small fragments migrate quickly and can appear faint in low amount. Use suitable gel percentage.

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अगर vector और insert sizes बहुत समान हों तो gel purification में क्या चुनौती होगी?

What is the challenge in gel purification if vector and insert sizes are very similar?

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A. bands को अलग पहचानना कठिन होगाBands will be hard to distinguish

Explanation

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Similar sizes वाले fragments gel पर पास-पास आ सकते हैं। High resolution gel या alternative strategy चाहिए। / Fragments of similar sizes can run close on gel. A high resolution gel or alternative strategy is needed.

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Restriction digest में small fragment gel से बाहर निकल जाए तो क्या समस्या होगी?

What problem occurs if a small fragment runs out of the gel in restriction digest?

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A. desired band lost हो सकता हैDesired band can be lost

Explanation

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छोटे fragments अधिक दूर चलते हैं। Run time और gel percentage carefully choose करें। / Small fragments move farther. Choose run time and gel percentage carefully.

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Restriction digestion में gel run बहुत लंबा हो तो क्या risk है?

What is the risk if a gel run is too long in restriction digestion?

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A. small fragments gel से निकल सकते हैंSmall fragments can run out of gel

Explanation

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बहुत लंबा run छोटे fragments खो सकता है। Run को dye front और size range के अनुसार रोकें। / A very long run can lose small fragments. Stop the run according to dye front and size range.

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Dye front gel electrophoresis में क्या बताता है?

What does dye front indicate in gel electrophoresis?

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A. run progress का visual markerA visual marker of run progress

Explanation

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Loading dye का front gel run progress दिखाता है। यह बताता है कि sample कितना आगे चला। / The loading dye front shows gel run progress. It tells how far the sample has moved.

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Gel electrophoresis में buffer exhausted होने से क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can occur if electrophoresis buffer is exhausted?

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A. poor migration और unclear bandsPoor migration and unclear bands

Explanation

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Gel buffer ions current carry करने में मदद करते हैं। Poor buffer band resolution को खराब कर सकता है। / Gel buffer ions help carry current. Poor buffer can reduce band resolution.

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Restriction digest gel में wrong polarity लगाने से क्या होगा?

What happens if wrong polarity is applied in a restriction digest gel?

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A. DNA गलत दिशा में जा सकता हैDNA can move in the wrong direction

Explanation

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DNA negative charged होता है और positive electrode की ओर चलता है। Wrong polarity sample को wells से बाहर ले जा सकती है। / DNA is negatively charged and moves toward positive electrode. Wrong polarity can move sample out of wells.

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Restriction digestion के बाद gel image में saturated bands क्यों problem हैं?

Why are saturated bands a problem in gel image after restriction digestion?

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A. accurate comparison कठिन हो जाता हैAccurate comparison becomes difficult

Explanation

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Overexposed image में band intensity सही compare नहीं होती। Documentation में proper exposure रखें। / In an overexposed image band intensity cannot be compared well. Use proper exposure in documentation.

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Restriction digest में faint insert band और bright vector band क्यों हो सकता है?

Why can an insert band be faint and vector band bright in a restriction digest?

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A. insert size या amount कम हो सकता हैInsert size or amount may be lower

Explanation

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छोटे या कम quantity fragments कम bright दिख सकते हैं। Band intensity DNA mass पर निर्भर करती है। / Small or low quantity fragments can look less bright. Band intensity depends on DNA mass.

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Gel band intensity मुख्यतः किससे संबंधित है?

Gel band intensity is mainly related to what?

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A. उस band में DNA mass सेDNA mass in that band

Explanation

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अधिक DNA mass वाला band अधिक bright दिख सकता है। Size और concentration दोनों intensity को प्रभावित करते हैं। / A band with more DNA mass can appear brighter. Both size and concentration affect intensity.

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Restriction digestion में low-salt clean DNA क्यों अच्छा माना जाता है?

Why is low-salt clean DNA considered good in restriction digestion?

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A. enzyme activity बेहतर रहने के लिएTo keep enzyme activity better

Explanation

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Excess salt restriction enzyme activity को बदल सकता है। Clean DNA digestion reliability बढ़ाता है। / Excess salt can alter restriction enzyme activity. Clean DNA increases digestion reliability.

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Restriction digest reaction में final salt condition क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?

Why is final salt condition important in a restriction digest reaction?

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A. enzyme binding और specificity प्रभावित होती हैEnzyme binding and specificity are affected

Explanation

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Restriction enzymes recommended salt conditions में best काम करते हैं। गलत salt partial digestion या star activity दे सकता है। / Restriction enzymes work best in recommended salt conditions. Wrong salt can give partial digestion or star activity.

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Restriction enzyme को vigorously vortex क्यों नहीं करना चाहिए?

Why should a restriction enzyme not be vigorously vortexed?

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A. enzyme protein damage या activity loss का risk होता हैThere is risk of enzyme protein damage or activity loss

Explanation

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Enzymes delicate proteins होते हैं। Gentle mixing enzyme activity को बचाता है। / Enzymes are delicate proteins. Gentle mixing preserves enzyme activity.

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Restriction enzyme tube को जल्दी close करना क्यों अच्छा है?

Why is it good to close a restriction enzyme tube quickly?

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A. temperature exposure और contamination कम करने के लिएTo reduce temperature exposure and contamination

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Enzyme लंबे समय तक open या warm रहे तो activity घट सकती है। Quick handling good practice है। / If enzyme remains open or warm for long its activity can decrease. Quick handling is good practice.

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Restriction digestion में sterile technique क्यों उपयोगी है?

Why is sterile technique useful in restriction digestion?

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A. contamination और nuclease entry कम करने के लिएTo reduce contamination and nuclease entry

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Nucleases DNA को अनचाहे तरीके से degrade कर सकते हैं। Sterile clean handling sample बचाती है। / Nucleases can degrade DNA undesirably. Sterile clean handling protects the sample.

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Restriction digest में sample carryover contamination कैसे रोकी जा सकती है?

How can sample carryover contamination be prevented in restriction digest?

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A. fresh tips और careful pipetting सेWith fresh tips and careful pipetting

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Fresh tips sample mixing को रोकती हैं। Careful pipetting reliable result देती है। / Fresh tips prevent sample mixing. Careful pipetting gives reliable results.

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Restriction enzyme master mix बनाते समय enzyme को last में क्यों रखना चाहिए?

Why should enzyme be kept last while making a restriction enzyme master mix?

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A. activity start timing control करने के लिएTo control activity start timing

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Enzyme last में डालने से reaction start को बेहतर control किया जा सकता है। Components पहले uniform mix होते हैं। / Adding enzyme last helps control reaction start better. Components mix uniformly first.

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Restriction digest reaction में negative control में क्या नहीं डाला जाता?

What is not added in a negative control of restriction digest reaction?

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A. restriction enzyme

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No-enzyme control enzyme के बिना DNA pattern दिखाता है। इससे cut और uncut pattern compare होते हैं। / No-enzyme control shows DNA pattern without enzyme. This compares cut and uncut patterns.

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Restriction digest में positive control के लिए कैसा DNA अच्छा है?

What kind of DNA is good for a positive control in restriction digest?

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A. known cut site वाला DNADNA with known cut site

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Known substrate expected digestion दिखाता है। इससे enzyme activity verify होती है। / A known substrate shows expected digestion. This verifies enzyme activity.

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यदि positive control cut हो और sample न cut हो तो क्या सबसे संभव है?

If positive control cuts but sample does not cut what is most possible?

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A. sample में site absent या blocked हो सकती हैThe site may be absent or blocked in sample

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Positive control enzyme को active दिखाता है। Sample में recognition site या methylation issue हो सकता है। / Positive control shows enzyme is active. The sample may have recognition site or methylation issue.

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यदि sample और positive control दोनों न cut हों तो क्या check करेंगे?

If both sample and positive control do not cut what will you check?

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A. enzyme buffer और incubation conditionEnzyme buffer and incubation condition

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दोनों failure reaction setup problem दिखा सकते हैं। Enzyme storage buffer temperature check करें। / Failure of both can show reaction setup problem. Check enzyme storage buffer and temperature.

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Restriction digest में gel पर no bands आएँ तो पहला practical check क्या होगा?

If no bands appear on gel after restriction digest what is the first practical check?

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A. DNA loading और stain visualizationDNA loading and stain visualization

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No bands DNA loading stain या electrophoresis issue से आ सकते हैं। Ladder lane भी check करें। / No bands can result from DNA loading stain or electrophoresis issue. Check ladder lane too.

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Restriction digest gel में ladder भी न दिखे तो क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

If ladder is also not visible in restriction digest gel what problem may exist?

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A. stain visualization या gel run problemStain visualization or gel run problem

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Ladder न दिखना gel staining imaging या running problem दिखा सकता है। Sample digestion conclusion न निकालें। / If ladder is not visible it can indicate gel staining imaging or running problem. Do not conclude sample digestion.

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Restriction digest में safe disposal किसका होना चाहिए?

What should be safely disposed in restriction digest work?

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A. DNA stain gel waste और used tipsDNA stain gel waste and used tips

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DNA stains और gel waste safety rules के अनुसार dispose होते हैं। PPE का उपयोग करें। / DNA stains and gel waste are disposed according to safety rules. Use PPE.

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Level 51 का best revision point क्या है?

What is the best revision point of Level 51?

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A. enzyme choice vector map ends gel controls और safety याद रखेंRemember enzyme choice vector map ends gel controls and safety

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Cutting plan में map और enzyme conditions दोनों जरूरी हैं। Result को controls और gel से verify करें। / Both map and enzyme conditions are necessary in cutting plan. Verify result with controls and gel.

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Cutting of DNA level 51 का final summary क्या है?

What is the final summary of Cutting of DNA level 51?

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A. सही restriction enzyme से vector और insert को planned compatible ends में काटा जाता हैCorrect restriction enzyme cuts vector and insert into planned compatible ends

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यह step cloning की दिशा और success तय करता है। Accurate maps clean DNA और controls जरूरी हैं। / This step decides cloning direction and success. Accurate maps clean DNA and controls are needed.

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FAQs

Class 11 Biotechnology Quiz FAQs

How many questions are in this quiz?

This level is designed for 50 active questions. Currently 50 questions are available for the selected class and difficulty.

Is there a timer in this quiz?

Yes, the timer uses 40 seconds per question for Easy difficulty and shows the total remaining time on the page.

Can I open each question separately?

Yes, every question has its own SEO-friendly page with answer, explanation and related practice links.