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In Class 11 Political Science, this topic from Part 2: Political Theory explores the meaning and importance of justice in public life. Students examine equality, fair treatment, recognition of different needs, and the just distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources. They consider how societies can balance individual freedom with social responsibilities, understand the idea of a just society, and apply these concepts to issues of discrimination, poverty, and unequal access.
Practice questions
01 If a disadvantaged group receives only symbolic respect but no better access to education and employment, what justice deficiency exists?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Lack of real opportunity improvement
Explanation: Step 1: Respect is important, but symbols alone are not enough. Step 2: Without access to education and jobs, real life conditions do not change. Step 3: In social justice, check both respect and opportunity.
02 Which example shows a balance of need and merit?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Giving scholarship priority to qualified but poor students
Explanation: Step 1: The condition of qualification recognises achievement. Step 2: Priority to poor students recognises need. Step 3: Several bases of justice can work together.
03 If a group fears speaking because complainants are harmed, which condition of justice is weak?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Safe complaint and hearing system
Explanation: Step 1: Complaints must be safe for justice. Step 2: Fear prevents people from bringing injustice forward. Step 3: Connect complaint systems with accountability and dignity.
04 If a public service is available only online and many rural citizens lack access, what is the justice concern?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Inequality of digital and geographical access
Explanation: Step 1: A service is meaningful only when people can use it. Step 2: Lack of internet and resources can exclude rural citizens. Step 3: In modern service questions, check real access.
05 In which situation is balance between liberty and justice needed?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When someone's liberty begins to harm others' rights
Explanation: Step 1: Liberty is an important value of democratic life. Step 2: But one person's liberty cannot harm another's rights. Step 3: Read liberty with responsibility and rights.
06 If a scheme's application is so complex that uneducated people cannot benefit, what is the main justice problem?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Procedural barrier blocking real access
Explanation: Step 1: Announcing a benefit is not enough. Step 2: A difficult procedure may exclude needy people. Step 3: Link simple process and access with justice in policy.
07 If a rule applies equally to all but is originally designed to suppress a weaker group, what is the justice problem?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The content of the law itself is unjust
Explanation: Step 1: Equal application is one aspect of justice. Step 2: But if the law's basic purpose is oppressive, equal application cannot make it just. Step 3: Examine both content and effect of law.
08 In which situation must social justice be understood beyond economic help alone?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When humiliation and exclusion continue despite economic help
Explanation: Step 1: Economic help is important, but social justice is not only money. Step 2: Humiliation and exclusion hurt dignity and participation. Step 3: In social justice, check resources, respect, and participation together.
09 If people cannot criticise injustice because of fear, which condition of justice is affected?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Expression and safe disagreement
Explanation: Step 1: Freedom to speak is needed to bring injustice forward. Step 2: Fear blocks criticism and reform. Step 3: Link disagreement with hearing and accountability.
10 If the starting positions of two groups are highly unequal, why will open competition alone not be considered sufficient?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because starting barriers can affect outcomes in advance
Explanation: Step 1: Open competition may appear fair. Step 2: But starting inequalities can place some people behind in advance. Step 3: In competition, check initial resources and barriers.
11 If an institution gives reasons for decisions and also allows appeal, which aspect of justice becomes stronger?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Accountability and fair review
Explanation: Step 1: Giving reasons makes a decision examinable. Step 2: Appeal gives a chance to correct a wrong decision. Step 3: Understand accountability and review together in justice.
12 If everyone is given the same food but some people need different food for health reasons, what would justice say?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Proper arrangement should be made according to special need
Explanation: Step 1: Equality does not always mean giving the same thing. Step 2: Different arrangement for health reasons is need-based justice. Step 3: Distinguish special need from favouritism.
13 Why is relying on only one principle risky in an expert understanding of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because equality, need, merit, and rights play different roles in different contexts
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a multi-dimensional idea. Step 2: In one situation need may matter most, while in another merit or procedure may matter. Step 3: In expert answers, show context-based balance.
14 In which situation does participation become a necessary part of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When a decision directly affects a community's life
Explanation: Step 1: Affected communities can explain their real difficulties better. Step 2: Without participation, decisions may become incomplete or one-sided. Step 3: Link participation with hearing and dignity.
15 If a student leaves school due to poverty, why will it not be treated only as a personal decision?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because economic compulsion affects real educational opportunity
Explanation: Step 1: A person's decision may be shaped by social and economic pressure. Step 2: Poverty can limit real educational opportunity. Step 3: In social justice, look at the structure behind personal events.
16 If a policy gives the same benefit to all but has little effect on the neediest, what would be the Rawlsian question?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Whether the policy truly improves the least advantaged
Explanation: Step 1: A Rawlsian view focuses on the least advantaged. Step 2: Even equal benefit is questionable if it does not improve their condition. Step 3: In Rawls, check the real condition of the weaker group.
17 If a person is not informed about the accusation against them, which basis of justice is broken?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Basis of fair defence and hearing
Explanation: Step 1: Without knowing the accusation, a person cannot defend themselves. Step 2: Fair hearing requires accusation, evidence, and chance to respond. Step 3: In hearing questions, check information and defence.
18 If a society treats criticism as insult and suppresses every disagreement, which understanding of justice is weak?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Balance between reasoned disagreement and dignity
Explanation: Step 1: Dignity is important in justice. Step 2: But reasoned criticism can be necessary for reform and accountability. Step 3: Understand the difference between criticism and humiliation.
19 In which situation will need-based assistance not be treated as favouritism?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When assistance is based on clear evidence and real disadvantage
Explanation: Step 1: Favouritism is based on personal ties or arbitrariness. Step 2: Need-based assistance can be just when based on evidence and disadvantage. Step 3: Always check the basis of assistance.
20 If a citizen cannot use a government service because they do not understand the language, what is the justice problem?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Linguistic barrier to information and access
Explanation: Step 1: A government service is useful only when citizens can understand it. Step 2: A language barrier can keep a person away from rights or benefits. Step 3: In access, check language, information, and support.
21 In which situation does a just system go beyond merely giving punishment?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. When it also provides remedy and correction for harm
Explanation: Step 1: Justice does not mean punishment only. Step 2: In many situations, remedy and correction of harm are also necessary. Step 3: Link justice with punishment, correction, and rights.
22 If some people avoid public spaces due to repeated humiliation, which dimension of justice appears?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Dignity and public participation
Explanation: Step 1: Humiliation is not only a feeling; it affects social participation. Step 2: When dignity is hurt, people may withdraw from public life. Step 3: In social justice, write respect and participation together.
24 If only weaker students are punished in the name of discipline in a school, what is the justice problem?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Selective punishment and bias
Explanation: Step 1: Discipline must also be fair. Step 2: Punishing only weaker students may be selective and biased. Step 3: In punishment, check similar treatment, evidence, and context.
25 At expert level, what makes the most balanced analysis of justice?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. By examining equality, need, merit, rights, procedure, and outcome together according to context
Explanation: Step 1: Justice is a many-sided idea. Step 2: Expert-level questions need balance among different bases. Step 3: While answering, connect context, procedure, and outcome together.
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