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If A = {r, s, t, u} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, how many functions from A to B have range exactly {1, 3, 4}?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 36

A function from A to B assigns one image in B to each of the four elements of A. Since the range must be exactly {1, 3, 4}, the value 2 cannot be used, while each of 1, 3, and 4 must occur at least once. First count all assignments using only these three values: 3^4 = 81. Subtract assignments omitting one specified value: for each value there are 2^4 assignments, giving 3 × 16 = 48. Add back the three assignments that use only one value, because they were subtracted twice. Thus the required number is 81 − 48 + 3 = 36. Therefore option C is correct; 24 does not account for all valid surjections, 64 counts a different unrestricted situation, and 18 is too small.

Related tags

FunctionsRangeInclusion-ExclusionCountingFunctions As A Special Kind Of RelationRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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