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If (A={u,v,w,x,y}) and (B={1,2,3,4}), how many functions from (A) to (B) have range exactly ({2,4})?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (30)

A function from A to B assigns one allowed value to each of the five elements of A. Since the range must be exactly {2,4}, every output must be either 2 or 4, and both values must actually occur. If we temporarily allow only 2 and 4, each of the five inputs has two choices, giving 2^5=32 functions. However, two of these functions are not acceptable: the constant function with value 2 and the constant function with value 4. Each misses one required range value.

Thus the required number is 2^5−2=32−2=30. Option B is correct. The value 16 would arise from a different counting situation, while 32 fails to remove the two constant functions. The answer correctly uses the condition that the range is exactly {2,4}, not merely a subset of it.

Related tags

RangeCountingFinite Functions

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