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If A={1,2,3,4} and B={0,1}, how many functions f:A→B have at least one input with image 1?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 15

The counting principle is to count all functions and subtract those that fail the required condition. Each of the four elements of A can independently be mapped to either 0 or 1 in B. Therefore the total number of functions is 2^4=16. The only function having no input with image 1 is the function that maps every element of A to 0. Thus exactly one function must be excluded. The required number is 16−1=15, so option C is correct. Counting only functions with one selected input mapped to 1 would double-count many functions, while 1 is the excluded all-zero function and 16 includes the function that never takes the value 1.

Related tags

Counting FunctionsAt Least OneBinary FunctionsComplement MethodFunctions As A Special Kind Of RelationRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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