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If f: A → B has |A| = 5 and |B| = 2, the number of all relations is 2¹⁰. How many of these are functions?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 32

The counting principle is different for arbitrary relations and functions. A relation from A to B is any subset of A×B, so with 5×2=10 ordered pairs there are 2¹⁰ relations. For a function, however, each of the 5 elements of A must independently choose exactly one of the 2 elements of B as its image. By the multiplication principle, the number of functions is 2×2×2×2×2 = 2⁵ = 32. Therefore option C is correct. Option D is the number of all relations, not functions; option A and option B do not follow from the function-counting formula. The fact that several domain elements may select the same codomain element does not reduce this count.

Related tags

Counting FunctionsRelationsCartesian ProductMultiplication PrincipleFunctions As A Special Kind Of RelationRelations And FunctionsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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