Biological, physical, socio-cultural, emotional, and cognitive influences

Effective diet counselling is person-centred. The counsellor should assess the individual's health needs, food preferences, culture, resources, understanding and readiness to change, then provide realistic advice in clear language. Involving the person in goal-setting improves understanding, adherence and the likelihood that dietary changes will continue over time.

The governing distinction is between knowing a rule and applying it in conduct. Knowledge of the rule demonstrates an intellectual ability, but deliberate refusal to obey it reveals weakness in moral judgment, self-discipline and responsible behavior. Thus option B is correct. Option A describes understanding only, while C and D do not address the ethical choice involved in violating a known rule.

Emotional intelligence is a multidimensional ability: a learner recognises feelings, regulates responses, understands other people and builds constructive relationships. In physical education, these abilities support mental, emotional and social development together. Thus option B is correct. Options A, C and D describe only bodily performance, speed or nutrition, so each is too narrow to explain emotional intelligence.

The governing concept of social-emotional learning is the development of self-awareness, emotional regulation, empathy, respectful communication, and responsible relationships. Option A shows a learner controlling emotion, expressing disagreement appropriately, listening to others, and cooperating to solve a problem. Option B shows poor emotional control, while C and D reject participation and respect. Therefore, A is the complete and most positive example.