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Subjects

Geography

Insolation and factors affecting it

In Class 11 Geography, this topic explains insolation—the incoming solar radiation received by Earth—and its role in the chapter Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature. Students learn how the angle of the Sun’s rays, duration of daylight, latitude, season, Earth–Sun distance, and atmospheric conditions affect the amount of energy reaching different places. The topic also helps them understand why heating varies across Earth’s surface and how these variations influence temperature patterns and the broader heat balance.

Expert · Level 4 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01If water vapour is very high in an area, what change is expected in solar radiation reaching the surface?

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Answer and explanation

02On which day type is a special balance in daily insolation distribution observed because day and night are nearly equal globally?

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03Why does the amount of solar radiation decrease from the top of atmosphere to the surface?

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04Why can solar energy per unit area become maximum around noon on a given day?

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05If air pollution increases in an area, why can direct insolation reaching urban surfaces decrease?

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06Which option correctly pairs an astronomical and a local factor controlling insolation?

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07Why is insolation extremely low at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere around December?

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08Why can south-facing and north-facing slopes at the same latitude receive different insolation in the Northern Hemisphere?

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09Why does temperature rise differ over sea and land even with the same insolation?

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10In which condition is energy per unit area considered lower due to oblique rays?

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11If Earth had no axial tilt, what would be the main effect on seasonal distribution of insolation?

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12What is the most direct effect of a longer atmospheric path on intensity of insolation?

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13Which option best explains the relation between insolation and heat balance?

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14Why do subtropical deserts often show very high daytime surface temperatures?

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15Why can clouds cool during the day and help retain warmth at night?

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16How is atmospheric path related to change in solar altitude?

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17In which region can cloud influence weaken the expected latitudinal pattern of annual insolation?

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18If a surface is dark and dry, why will heating effect after insolation be greater?

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19Why does long day duration strongly influence insolation at high latitudes in summer?

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20Which option correctly lists three factors that reduce insolation received at the surface?

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21Why is the noon Sun nearly overhead at the equator on an equinox?

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22Under which type of sky is direct insolation most likely to be highest?

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23If a large part of incoming solar radiation is reflected from Earth surface, what will be the effect on local temperature rise?

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24Why is the solar constant alone not enough in the study of insolation?

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25If sunlight reaches a mountain valley late in the morning and shade begins early in the evening, what is the main reason for lower total daily insolation?

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