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Subjects

Geography

Insolation and factors affecting it

In Class 11 Geography, this topic explains insolation—the incoming solar radiation received by Earth—and its role in the chapter Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature. Students learn how the angle of the Sun’s rays, duration of daylight, latitude, season, Earth–Sun distance, and atmospheric conditions affect the amount of energy reaching different places. The topic also helps them understand why heating varies across Earth’s surface and how these variations influence temperature patterns and the broader heat balance.

Expert · Level 1 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01If solar energy at the top of the atmosphere is sufficient but less energy reaches the surface, what is the most likely explanation?

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02Why does insolation per unit area generally decrease when the solar zenith angle increases?

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03If direct insolation decreases but diffuse light increases in an area, which factor is the main clue?

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04In which condition are high direct insolation and high daily temperature range both possible in a dry desert?

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05If Earth is near the Sun but a hemisphere has winter, which conclusion is correct?

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06If albedo starts decreasing in a snowy region, which effect on energy balance is most logical?

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07Why does maximum air temperature often occur later even though insolation is highest around noon?

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08If sunlight is harsh at a high mountain place but the air is cold, what is the best analysis?

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09In which condition can more energy reach the surface but absorbed energy remain low?

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10Why can actual insolation differ between two cities located at the same latitude?

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11If dense clouds remain both day and night in an area, what will happen to temperature range?

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12If a forest is cut and replaced by a dark artificial surface, what change in local energy balance is likely?

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13In which condition will direct insolation be low but diffuse radiation can still reach plants?

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14If a place has high insolation but crop temperature rises less, which reason is most suitable?

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15If sea and land receive equal insolation, why can land become warmer during the day?

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16Why does long summer daylight at high latitudes not produce heating like the tropics?

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17If snow melts and dark soil appears in an area, which feedback is possible?

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18If the solar constant is the same but surface insolation changes, which reason is correct?

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19If a dark surface is also wet, what combined effect will act on temperature rise?

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20Which option correctly gives astronomical, atmospheric, and surface controls together?

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21If atmospheric transparency decreases, what will happen to direct surface insolation?

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22If a water body receives long sunshine but does not warm quickly, what is the main reason?

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23If an area has fewer clouds but a snowy surface, which analysis is correct?

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24When the zone of vertical Sun rays shifts northward, what change is expected in the Northern Hemisphere?

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25Why can a subtropical desert record more direct insolation than an equatorial region?

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