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Geography

Insolation and factors affecting it

In Class 11 Geography, this topic explains insolation—the incoming solar radiation received by Earth—and its role in the chapter Solar Radiation, Heat Balance, and Temperature. Students learn how the angle of the Sun’s rays, duration of daylight, latitude, season, Earth–Sun distance, and atmospheric conditions affect the amount of energy reaching different places. The topic also helps them understand why heating varies across Earth’s surface and how these variations influence temperature patterns and the broader heat balance.

Hard · Level 3 · 25 questions

TOPIC PRACTICE

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  1. Both opposite effects of solar altitude and aerosols must be considered
  2. Aerosols have no effect when solar altitude is high
  3. Aerosols always double insolation
  4. Surface insolation will always be zero
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  1. Vertical rays bring no energy
  2. High albedo of snow returns much energy
  3. Snow removes the atmosphere
  4. Day duration automatically decreases
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  1. Water surface never receives energy
  2. Sand creates the Sun
  3. Heat capacity and evaporation roles are different
  4. Both surfaces always keep the same temperature
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  1. Long day will always make insolation maximum
  2. Small angle will always make insolation zero
  3. Both factors are irrelevant
  4. The combined effect of long duration and low angle must be assessed
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  1. When the surface is watery and heat capacity is high
  2. When the surface is a black road
  3. When albedo is very low
  4. When there is no evaporation
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  1. Both are always exactly the same
  2. Energy may reach the surface but some can return due to albedo
  3. Absorbed insolation occurs only at night
  4. Reached insolation occurs only over oceans
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  1. Dark surfaces absorb more and shade decreases
  2. Fewer trees make the Sun stop giving energy
  3. Dark surfaces reflect all energy
  4. Day duration doubles in cities
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  1. Because day and night do not form at all
  2. Because the Sun stops giving energy
  3. Because Earth's curvature keeps changing the ray angle
  4. Because equinox occurs only at poles
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  1. That hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun and has shorter days
  2. Being near always gives summer everywhere
  3. The Sun stops giving energy when near
  4. Distance can have no effect at all
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  1. The Sun comes out of the mountain
  2. Radiation obstruction may be low but air temperature can be low at altitude
  3. Atmosphere is fully absent there
  4. There is no day at altitude
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  1. Haze can scatter and absorb radiation
  2. Haze stops Earth's rotation
  3. Haze creates the Sun in the field
  4. Haze increases day duration
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  1. The Sun does not shine on coasts
  2. There is no day in deserts
  3. Surface moisture, evaporation, and water influence will differ
  4. If clouds are equal, temperature will always be equal
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  1. Low clouds in a dry desert
  2. Near the sea with strong water influence and humidity
  3. Open sky over a dry black road
  4. Dry land without snow
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  1. They block solar energy by day and reduce longwave heat loss at night
  2. They create Sun by day and stop Earth at night
  3. They only change day length
  4. They only make albedo zero
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  1. Reflection will increase and absorption will decrease
  2. Albedo will decrease and absorption will increase
  3. Day duration will end
  4. Sun altitude will decrease
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  1. Water heat capacity and evaporation increase heat use
  2. Direct rays give no energy
  3. Moisture stops the Sun completely
  4. Water surface never reflects the Sun
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  1. Under dense convective clouds and high moisture
  2. Under clear dry sky
  3. With fewer clouds and low moisture
  4. On a dark dry surface
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  1. Clear sky and dark dry surface
  2. Vertical rays and high heat capacity of water surface
  3. Low dust and low albedo
  4. Long day and dry soil
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  1. The surface will start absorbing more solar energy
  2. The Sun will stop rising over the surface
  3. The surface aspect will always face the pole
  4. There will be no radiation in the atmosphere
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  1. Tree canopy allows fewer direct rays to reach the ground
  2. The slope stops the Sun
  3. Forest ends day duration
  4. Direct rays bring no energy in forests
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  1. Examine insolation and air temperature as different processes
  2. If insolation is high, air temperature is always high
  3. Air temperature has no relation with altitude
  4. Insolation works only over sea
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  1. Low clouds and low water vapour reduce atmospheric obstruction
  2. Sand creates solar energy
  3. There is no atmosphere in deserts
  4. Day duration is always twenty four hours
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  1. Sunlight may be intense but snow albedo can reduce heating
  2. Sunlight does not come at altitude
  3. Snow absorbs all energy
  4. Altitude ends day duration
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  1. Oblique rays reduce insolation and dark surface increases absorption
  2. Dark surface stops day and oblique rays increase energy
  3. Both effects make insolation zero
  4. Both have no relation with temperature
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  1. When it is more exposed to the Sun
  2. When it is always in shade
  3. When it is snow-covered and under clouds
  4. When sun rays do not reach it

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