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Subjects

Geography

Heating and cooling of the atmosphere

In this Class 11 Geography topic, students learn how the atmosphere is heated and cooled through incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. The lesson explains Earth’s heat balance and the roles of conduction, convection, advection, and latent heat in transferring energy through the atmosphere. Students also examine how land and water surfaces, cloud cover, humidity, and atmospheric circulation influence temperature patterns and help produce differences between places and times.

Hard · Level 3 · 25 questions

TOPIC PRACTICE

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  1. Thick cloud cover and high atmospheric water vapour
  2. Clear sky, dry air and a calm night
  3. Clear sky, low humidity and a snow-covered surface
  4. A clear, cloudless night in a desert
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  1. Rapid rising of warm air by convection
  2. Surface cooling by longwave radiation and nearby air cooling by conduction
  3. Inland movement of sea breeze
  4. Greater reflection of solar radiation by clouds
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  1. Surface blocks solar radiation and sends it directly to space
  2. Surface absorbs solar energy and warms nearby air by longwave radiation and conduction
  3. Surface absorbs only ultraviolet rays
  4. Surface exchanges no heat with the atmosphere
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  1. Because air is a poor conductor of heat
  2. Because conduction occurs only over oceans
  3. Because clouds are necessary for conduction
  4. Because conduction occurs only at night by solar radiation
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  1. Upper air becomes colder than the surface and sinks
  2. Warm lighter air near the surface rises upward
  3. Clouds stop all longwave radiation
  4. Air density remains constant with height
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  1. Strong wind increases solar radiation
  2. Strong wind makes the heat budget zero
  3. Strong wind increases vertical mixing and disperses cold surface air
  4. Strong wind warms only the upper atmosphere
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  1. Clouds send part of terrestrial longwave radiation back downward
  2. Clouds increase solar radiation at night
  3. Clouds completely stop conduction
  4. Clouds make air pressure zero
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  1. Lack of moisture and clouds causing strong daytime heating and strong nighttime radiational cooling
  2. Stable temperature due to ocean currents
  3. Low radiation due to dense vegetation
  4. Continuous rainfall throughout the day
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  1. It completely blocks solar radiation
  2. It releases latent heat
  3. It makes surface albedo zero
  4. It changes air into vacuum
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  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation
  4. Advection
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  1. Sea heats faster than land during the day
  2. Land heats faster than sea during the day
  3. Both land and sea cool during the day
  4. Only the upper atmosphere heats during the day
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  1. Land cools faster than sea
  2. Sea freezes completely
  3. The Sun heats the sea more at night
  4. Clouds form only over land
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  1. Solar heating of slopes and upward movement of adjacent air
  2. Entry of seawater into the valley
  3. Greater surface cooling at night
  4. Complete stability of upper air
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  1. Cold air becomes dense, drains downslope, and accumulates on valley floors
  2. Valleys receive more solar radiation at night
  3. Valley floors are always warmer than oceans
  4. Cold air stays only on high peaks
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  1. Because most lower air is heated by terrestrial longwave radiation and contact
  2. Because the Sun gives light only to the upper atmosphere
  3. Because air contains no gases
  4. Because solar radiation never reaches the surface
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  1. They absorb terrestrial longwave radiation
  2. They remove gravity
  3. They destroy all clouds
  4. They completely block only visible light
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  1. Air becomes farther from the surface heat source with height
  2. Solar radiation disappears at height
  3. Air is always liquid at height
  4. Gravity increases temperature at height
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  1. Radiational cooling can cool near-surface air to the dew point
  2. Solar radiation is maximum at night
  3. Strong convection immediately carries moisture upward
  4. Sea breeze always removes clouds
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  1. Vegetation cools the surface through shade and evapotranspiration
  2. Vegetation doubles solar radiation
  3. Vegetation makes longwave radiation zero
  4. Air does not exist in forest areas
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  1. They absorb more solar energy and reflect less
  2. They stop Earth's rotation
  3. They receive energy only at night
  4. They completely destroy water vapour
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  1. Snow's high albedo reflects a large part of solar energy
  2. Snow converts all solar energy into heat
  3. Snow pulls longwave radiation from the Sun
  4. Snow makes surface pressure infinite
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  1. They can scatter and absorb incoming solar radiation, reducing energy reaching the surface
  2. They send all longwave radiation to space
  3. They convert convection into gravity
  4. They permanently increase solar altitude
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  1. Thick clouds and strong wind
  2. Clear sky and calm wind
  3. Continuous rain and dense fog
  4. Warm humid air from the sea
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  1. Condensation releases latent heat
  2. Rising air removes gravity
  3. Moist air has no energy
  4. Condensation makes solar radiation solid
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  1. Heat that directly changes the temperature of a substance
  2. Heat absorbed or released during a change of state without changing temperature
  3. Energy transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves
  4. Heat transferred from one place to another by the bulk movement of air

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