Distribution of temperature and inversion of temperature

The correct answer is C. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet energy from sunlight and converts it into heat. As a result, temperature generally rises with altitude through much of the stratosphere, unlike in the troposphere, where it usually falls with height. This temperature pattern is called an inversion-like condition.

The correct answer is B. A thermally stable layer resists vertical air movement, so convection and mixing are weak. Pollutants are then less likely to disperse into a larger volume of air. Rain can remove some pollutants, but stable conditions do not mean that heavy rain is present; washout may therefore be limited as well.

Even at same latitude altitude can lower temperature. In exams always check altitude in same latitude questions.

Sea heats and cools slowly so coastal temperature remains more balanced. In exams link low annual range with maritime influence.

Closely spaced isotherms show large temperature change over short distance. In exams identify temperature gradient from isotherm spacing.

Widely spaced isotherms show that temperature changes gradually. In exams wider spacing means gentle gradient.

In winter land cools quickly and maritime control is weak. In exams link January coldness with continentality.

Land heats faster than water so inland areas can be hotter. In exams link July heating with continentality.

Cold currents cool coastal areas and affect isotherms. In exams understand deflection of isotherms by currents.

A warm current brings heat from the sea and can raise coastal temperature. In exams link warm current with isotherm changes.

Despite same latitude distance from sea changes temperature range. In exams check continentality along with latitude.

In inversion normal lapse is reversed and lower air remains cold. Remember cold below warm above in exams.

On a clear night longwave energy escapes and calm air reduces mixing. Remember two conditions of radiation inversion in exams.

At night cold air drains down slopes and collects on valley floor. Study frost and valley inversion together in exams.

Inversion makes the atmosphere stable and pollutants do not disperse upward. In exams link inversion with air quality.

Solar heating warms the lower cold layer and increases mixing. In exams link inversion breakup with morning heating.

Concrete and asphalt store heat and reduce night cooling. In exams link urban heat with surface materials.

When forest is removed the surface can receive more solar energy and cooling decreases. In exams link land cover with temperature.

Snow reflects more while black road absorbs more. In exams link albedo with surface temperature.

Clouds affect both shortwave and longwave energy. In exams understand day and night effects separately.

In deserts surface heats by day and loses heat quickly at night. In exams link desert with high daily range.

The direct answer is A: the south-facing slope is receiving more solar energy. Slope aspect means the direction toward which a slope faces. In the Northern Hemisphere, including India, a south-facing slope generally receives more direct sunlight during the year because the Sun is usually toward the southern part of the sky. More incoming radiation can produce stronger heating, so that slope may be warmer than a north-facing slope at the same elevation. Option A gives the relevant physical reason. Option B is wrong because a mountain slope is not under the sea. Option C is wrong because air is present on a slope; absence of air is not the cause. Option D is wrong because temperature inversion may still occur in suitable local conditions, and its possibility does not explain the extra solar heating. Clouds, season, slope angle and time of day can modify the result, but A is the best answer. Memory cue: aspect controls sunlight; in India, south-facing often means warmer.

Humidity maritime influence and clouds reduce day night temperature difference. In exams look for moisture and sea for low daily range.

Currents and maritime influence modify temperature distribution near coasts. In exams study isotherm bending with causes.

The Northern Hemisphere has more land and land cools quickly in winter. In exams link land water contrast with isotherms.