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SubjectsGeography
उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवात
In Class 11 Geography, this topic explains tropical cyclones as powerful low-pressure systems that develop over warm tropical oceans. Students learn how ocean temperature, moisture, air pressure, the Coriolis force, and wind circulation influence their formation, structure, movement, and weakening. The topic also examines hazards such as storm surges, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, along with forecasting, early warnings, preparedness, mitigation, and the effects of cyclones on people, settlements, agriculture, and infrastructure in the context of Natural Hazards and Disasters.
Easy · Level 1 · 6 questions
TOPIC PRACTICE
Up to 6 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.
A powerful tropical weather system is called a hurricane in the Atlantic and northeastern Pacific, a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific, and a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and parts of the South Pacific. These names reflect regional language and meteorological conventions, not different colours or structures. Hence, option B is correct, although the systems are broadly the same type of storm.
Tropical cyclones mostly originate over warm tropical oceans, where the surface provides strong evaporation, abundant moisture and sufficient heat. They usually require warm water, a pre-existing low-pressure disturbance, and enough Coriolis force to rotate. They weaken after moving over land or cold water because their moisture and heat supply is reduced.
A storm surge is an abnormal rise of seawater pushed toward the coast by a cyclone’s strong winds and reduced atmospheric pressure. When it coincides with high tide, seawater can rapidly inundate low-lying coastal areas, destroy buildings and roads, and contaminate freshwater. Thus, storm surge is one of the most dangerous coastal hazards associated with cyclones.
A tropical cyclone develops over warm ocean water, where evaporation supplies abundant moisture. Near the low-pressure centre, warm, moist air converges and rises strongly. As it rises, it cools, reaches saturation, and condenses into clouds. Condensation releases latent heat, strengthening the upward motion and producing intense clouds and heavy rainfall. Therefore, option A correctly identifies both uplift and condensation.
Official weather warnings issued by authorised meteorological and disaster-management agencies provide verified information about a cyclone’s track, intensity, expected rainfall, winds and possible landfall. Following these alerts helps people evacuate early, protect essential belongings and avoid dangerous travel. Rumours and personal guesses are unreliable and may increase risk, so option B is correct.
Cyclones can bring destructive winds, intense rainfall, flooding and storm surges. Coastal residents may have little time to leave their homes, especially when roads are blocked or low-lying areas are threatened. A cyclone shelter is a strong, designated building where people can evacuate temporarily and remain protected during the most dangerous period. It therefore reduces the likelihood of injury and loss of life, making option A correct. Authorities may temporarily stop fishing as a warning measure, but that is not the purpose of constructing a shelter. Shelters cannot cut forests or lower sea level. They are part of disaster preparedness, evacuation planning and risk reduction.
QUIZ COMPLETE
