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Alkanes: Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane), physical properties, chemical reactions
In this Class 11 Chemistry topic from the Hydrocarbons chapter, students learn how to name alkanes systematically and represent their structures using molecular, condensed and displayed formulas. The topic introduces structural isomerism and explains how rotation around the carbon–carbon bond produces different conformations of ethane, including staggered and eclipsed forms. Students also examine trends in the physical properties of alkanes and study important reactions such as combustion, substitution and cracking, linking molecular structure with chemical behaviour.
Medium · Level 1 · 1 questions
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Surface tension
Viscosity
Depression in freezing point
Refractive index
Question 1MediumLevel 1
Which of the following properties depends on the number of solute particles rather than on their chemical nature?निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा गुणधर्म विलेय कणों की संख्या पर निर्भर करता है, उनके रासायनिक स्वभाव पर नहीं?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:C
Depression in freezing point is a colligative property. For a sufficiently dilute solution, its magnitude is expressed as ΔTf = iKf m and therefore depends primarily on the number of dissolved particles. Surface tension, viscosity, and refractive index are generally affected by the identity, shape, and intermolecular interactions of the solute, so they are not classified as colligative properties.हिमांक में अवनमन एक अणुसंख्यात्मक गुणधर्म है। पर्याप्त तनु विलयन में इसका मान ΔTf = iKf m से व्यक्त किया जाता है और यह मुख्यतः उपस्थित विलेय कणों की संख्या पर निर्भर करता है। पृष्ठ तनाव, श्यानता और अपवर्तनांक विलेय के प्रकार, आकार तथा अंतराअणुक आकर्षण से भी प्रभावित होते हैं, इसलिए वे अणुसंख्यात्मक गुणधर्म नहीं हैं।
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