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Why can mitochondrial DNA be present in eukaryotic total DNA?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Mitochondria have their own DNA

The direct answer is A: mitochondria have their own DNA. Eukaryotic cells contain nuclear DNA, but mitochondria are organelles with their own small genomes. During total DNA extraction, the method usually breaks open the whole cell and releases DNA from multiple compartments. The reasoning is: the cell is lysed; the nucleus releases nuclear DNA; mitochondria are also broken open; mitochondrial DNA is released; because total DNA is collected rather than only purified nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA can be present in the final preparation. This fits the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, although that historical explanation is not required to choose the answer. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because mitochondria do contain proteins, and that statement does not explain mitochondrial DNA. Option C is wrong because ethanol production is not the relevant reason. Option D is absurd: mitochondria are organelles, not agar. The amount of mitochondrial DNA can vary with tissue and extraction method. Memory cue: total DNA may include nuclear plus mitochondrial DNA.

Related tags

Mitochondrial DnaEukaryotic CellsTotal Dna

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