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Why are extra bases kept in a primer containing restriction site?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: To help enzyme cut efficiently near DNA end

The direct answer is A: extra bases help a restriction enzyme cut efficiently near the end of DNA. A restriction site added to a primer is often placed at the 5′ end. If the recognition sequence lies exactly at the physical end of a PCR product, some enzymes cannot bind or cut efficiently because they need a short stretch of DNA outside the recognition site. Extra, non-target bases provide this needed flanking region. Thus, after amplification and digestion, the desired sticky or blunt end can be produced more reliably. Option A is correct. B is wrong because primers do not become proteins; proteins are made during translation. C is wrong because extra bases do not stop a gel. D is wrong because they are not added to methylate DNA; methylation is a separate chemical modification. The exact number of extra bases depends on the enzyme and protocol, so laboratory instructions must be followed. Exam cue: restriction site plus a short 5′ flank improves digestion at a DNA end.

Related tags

Extra BasesPrimer DesignRestriction Cutting

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