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What can an unexpected large band in restriction fragment pattern indicate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: incomplete digestion / Incomplete digestion

The direct answer is C: incomplete digestion. In a complete restriction digest, the DNA molecules are cut at all available target sites, producing the expected fragment pattern. If a large unexpected band remains, some molecules may still be uncut or only partly cut, so they remain longer and migrate more slowly through the gel. Option A is wrong because fully cut DNA should match the expected complete pattern, not create an unexplained large band. Option B is too narrow and generally incorrect; protein contamination does not by itself explain the usual uncut-DNA band. Option C is correct. Option D is wrong because if the gel were absent, no band pattern could be observed. Check enzyme activity, buffer, temperature, DNA amount, and incubation time.

Related tags

Unexpected Large BandIncomplete DigestionRestriction Pattern

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