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What problem can occur if electrophoresis buffer is exhausted?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Slow or uneven DNA migration and unclear bands

Ions in the electrophoresis buffer conduct electric current and help maintain a stable pH. When the buffer is exhausted, ionic conduction and pH control decrease, so DNA may migrate slowly or unevenly and the bands can become unclear. Restriction enzymes do not cut DNA during the gel-running step. Exam tip: If bands are weak or smeared, check the freshness and concentration of the buffer, along with the migration direction.

Related tags

Gel ElectrophoresisElectrophoresis BufferDna MigrationBand ResolutionRecombinant Dna TechnologyCutting Of DnaProcesses Of Recombinant Dna TechnologyBiotechnology

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