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Natural recharge of underground aquifers occurs primarily through which two combined processes?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Infiltration and percolation

The correct answer is B: infiltration and percolation. During infiltration, rain or surface water enters the soil through its surface. It then moves downward through connected pores and spaces under gravity; this deeper movement is called percolation. If the water reaches the saturated zone and adds to the stored groundwater, the aquifer is recharged. Evaporation and condensation move water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere, but they do not directly refill an aquifer. Surface runoff generally carries water across the land and erosion removes soil, so neither is the main pair for recharge. Transpiration is water vapour released by plants, while guttation is liquid water released from leaf margins; both are water-loss processes for plants. Memory cue: recharge means water goes into the ground—first infiltrate, then percolate.

Related tags

Aquifer RechargeInfiltrationPercolationGroundwaterHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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