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How can rapid deforestation on mountain slopes increase the chance of a landslide after heavy rainfall?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Root binding decreases and rapid surface runoff can displace soil

Correct answer: B. Vegetation protects slopes in several connected ways. Roots reinforce and bind soil, while stems and leaf litter slow rainwater, encourage infiltration, and reduce the speed of surface runoff. When forests are removed, the soil may become less cohesive and rain can flow rapidly over the slope. Heavy rainfall also adds water to the soil, increasing its mass and often raising pore-water pressure; these changes can reduce slope stability. If the resisting strength of the slope becomes smaller than the downslope force, soil and rock may move as a landslide. A is wrong because trees intercept some rainfall but do not stop all rain. C is not the normal mechanism. D is wrong because vegetation, runoff, soil moisture, and slope stability are physically linked. Memory cue: roots hold, litter slows, and forest loss removes both protections.

Related tags

LandslideDeforestationSurface RunoffHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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