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How does the El Niño phenomenon affect the water cycle in global climate patterns?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It alters Pacific Ocean temperature patterns and disrupts rainfall patterns in many regions

Correct answer: B. El Niño is associated with unusual warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and changes in the normal ocean–atmosphere circulation. Warmer sea-surface conditions shift convection, cloud formation and atmospheric pressure patterns. Because these circulation changes influence winds and the movement of moist air, rainfall can increase in some regions and decrease in others. The effects vary by event and location, but droughts, floods and altered monsoon behaviour can occur in different parts of the world. El Niño does not stop evaporation; warmer water may locally enhance evaporation, while atmospheric circulation determines where the moisture later produces rain. A is therefore too absolute. C is unrelated and D is physically implausible: groundwater does not spontaneously boil because of El Niño. Memory cue: El Niño changes the Pacific heat-and-wind pattern, which redistributes atmospheric moisture and rainfall.

Related tags

El-NinoRainfallGlobal-ClimateHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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