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In a confined aquifer between impermeable rock layers, why can water gush out without a pump when a well is drilled?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The water is under high hydrostatic pressure

Correct answer: B. A confined aquifer is trapped between layers that restrict water movement. Water enters the aquifer in a recharge area, often at a higher elevation, and the overlying and underlying confining layers help maintain pressure. When a well penetrates the aquifer, water rises toward the level represented by its potentiometric surface. If that level is above the land surface, water flows out naturally; this is a flowing artesian well. The pressure is hydrostatic and is produced by the hydraulic head, not by the disappearance of gravity. A is therefore false. C is not required, and D confuses groundwater pressure with atmospheric pressure. Not every confined-aquifer well flows at the surface; the pressure head must be sufficiently high. Memory cue: confined water plus high hydraulic head can flow upward.

Related tags

Confined-AquiferArtesian-WellHydrostatic-PressureHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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