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What is the main geomorphic cause of flash floods caused by sudden torrential rainfall in hilly areas?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Steep slopes allow little infiltration time and produce intense surface runoff

Correct answer: B. During very intense rain, a steep mountain slope gives water little time to enter the soil. Gravity accelerates the water downslope, and a large volume reaches narrow channels and streams within a short time. The resulting rapid rise in discharge can produce a flash flood. Vegetation, soil permeability, prior wetness, and drainage shape also affect the severity, but steep relief and rapid runoff are the main geomorphic factors in this question. A would not create the sudden flow described. C is not the normal process behind rainfall-generated flash floods. D is scientifically wrong because melting, not solidification, could add water, but it is not the stated main cause. Memory cue: steep slope plus intense rain means fast runoff and little warning.

Related tags

Flash-FloodSurface-RunoffHilly-TerrainHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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