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What is the direct relationship between 'soil erosion' and 'surface runoff' on bare mountain slopes devoid of vegetation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Fast runoff causes a drastic increase in soil erosion

Answer: B. Vegetation intercepts rainfall, slows moving water, binds soil with roots, and improves infiltration. When a mountain slope is bare, rain strikes the soil directly and more water moves downslope as rapid surface runoff. Fast-moving water has greater ability to detach, carry, and deposit soil particles, especially the fertile topsoil. A is incorrect because removing vegetation normally increases, rather than decreases, runoff and erosion. C is incorrect because runoff is a major agent of water erosion. D is not the direct relationship asked; soil surfaces may become compacted or crusted in some conditions, but the key result is increased erosion caused by faster runoff. Memory cue: fewer plants means less protection, more runoff, and more soil loss.

Related tags

Soil-ErosionSurface-RunoffVegetationHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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