How is urban flooding caused by extensive concrete pavements related to the water cycle?

Correct answer: यह अंतःस्यंदन को रोकता है, जिससे सतही अपवाह बहुत बढ़ जाता है (It blocks infiltration, greatly increasing surface runoff)

Correct answer: B. Infiltration is the entry of rainwater into soil. Natural soil, grass, and plant litter provide spaces through which water can enter the ground, while roots and rough surfaces slow its movement. Concrete is largely impermeable, so much less rain can infiltrate or recharge groundwater. The water therefore moves quickly across roads and pavements as surface runoff. If drains are too small or blocked, this concentrated runoff can flood streets and low-lying areas. A is wrong because concrete does not completely stop evaporation; water can still evaporate from exposed surfaces. C is wrong because clouds are moved by atmospheric circulation, not attracted by concrete. D is wrong because construction neither creates water nor increases rainfall. Memory cue: impermeable ground means less infiltration and faster runoff.