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How is the speed of surface runoff in hilly areas due to slopes?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Extremely fast

The correct answer is B: surface runoff is extremely fast on steep hills. Runoff is water that travels over the land surface instead of soaking into the soil. A steep slope provides a strong downward component of gravity, so water moves quickly downhill. Its rapid movement leaves less time for infiltration, the entry of water into soil pores. During heavy rain, this fast flow can collect in streams and may produce flash floods and soil erosion. A is wrong because steep slopes usually accelerate, rather than slow, surface flow. B is correct because it describes the effect of a steep gradient. C is wrong because gravity does not stop water on a slope. D is wrong because runoff speed changes with slope, rainfall, surface roughness, vegetation and soil conditions; it is not automatically constant. Memory cue: steeper slope generally means faster runoff and less infiltration time.

Related tags

SlopesRunoffInfiltrationHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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