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What is the effect of urbanization on infiltration?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: It decreases and surface runoff increases

Correct answer: B. Infiltration is the entry of water from the ground surface into soil and underlying material. Urbanization often replaces permeable soil and vegetation with roofs, roads, pavements, and concrete. These relatively impermeable surfaces prevent or reduce rainfall from entering the ground. As infiltration decreases, a larger and faster share of rain becomes surface runoff, which can overload drains and increase the risk of urban flooding. A is generally the opposite of the common effect. C ignores the change in surface cover. D is scientifically meaningless: water does not disappear; it is redirected as runoff, evaporation, storage, or drainage. Green spaces, porous pavement, rain gardens, and recharge areas can reduce this effect. Memory cue: hard surfaces block infiltration and speed runoff.

Related tags

UrbanizationInfiltrationSurface RunoffUrban FloodingHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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