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What is the downward movement of groundwater deep into rock layers called?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Percolation

Direct answer: B, percolation. After water infiltrates the soil, gravity can pull it downward through connected pores, cracks and spaces in soil and rock. This deeper downward movement of water is called percolation. It may help replenish groundwater, although the amount and speed depend on the material and its permeability. Evaporation changes liquid water into vapour and moves water upward into the atmosphere, so A is wrong. Condensation changes vapour into liquid droplets, so C is not a downward groundwater process. Transmission simply means transfer and is not the specific hydrological term required here. A useful distinction is that infiltration is entry from the surface into soil, while percolation is the subsequent downward movement through soil and rock. Memory cue: infiltration enters; percolation penetrates deeper.

Related tags

PercolationGroundwaterInfiltrationWater CycleHydrological CycleThe Living WorldBiologyClass 11 Mcq

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