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In this Class 10 Science topic from Metals and Non-metals, students learn how corrosion gradually damages metals through reactions with air, moisture, or other environmental factors. They explore everyday examples such as rusting, identify conditions that speed up corrosion, and understand prevention methods including painting, oiling, galvanising, alloying, and electroplating. The topic also introduces how useful metals are obtained from ores through concentration, conversion to oxides, reduction, and refining, with extraction methods linked to the metal’s reactivity.
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Medium · Level 21 · homologous organs,human arm,whale forelimb,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metals,Science,Class 10 MCQView options
Because their basic bone structure is similar
Because both are used for flying
Because both have different origin
Because both have no bones
Easy · Level 1 · highly reactive metals,electrolysis,molten compounds,metal extraction,reactivity series,class 10 science,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metalsView options
Electrolysis of molten compounds
Reduction with carbon
Roasting of sulphide ores
Heating the ore alone
Easy · Level 1 · concentration of ore,ore dressing,gangue removal,metallurgy,metals and non-metals,class 10 science,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metalsView options
Concentration of ore
Roasting
Calcination
Reduction
Easy · Level 1 · rusting of iron,corrosion,oxygen and water,hydrated iron oxide,chemical reactions,class 10 science,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metalsView options
Oxygen and water
Only nitrogen
Only carbon dioxide
Hydrogen and sunlight
Easy · Level 1 · galvanization,zinc coating,corrosion prevention,rusting,metals and non-metals,class 10 science,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metalsView options
Galvanization
Electroplating
Alloying
Tinning
Easy · Level 1 · rusting,iron corrosion,oxygen,moisture,chemical reactions,class 10 science,Corrosion and extraction basics,Metals and Non metalsView options
Oxygen and moisture
Only nitrogen
Only carbon dioxide
Only sunlight
Question 1MediumLevel 21
Why are the human arm and whale forelimb considered homologous?
Correct answer: A
The human arm and whale forelimb perform different functions: one is adapted mainly for manipulation and the other for swimming. Nevertheless, both show a corresponding arrangement of bones, including the upper-arm bone, forearm bones and wrist and digit elements. This shared basic structural plan indicates inheritance from a common ancestor, so they are homologous organs. Option A is correct; similarity of function is not required.
Which method is generally used to extract highly reactive metals?
Correct answer: A
Highly reactive metals such as sodium, calcium and aluminium are more reactive than carbon. Therefore, their compounds cannot be reduced by carbon. They are generally extracted by electrolysis of their molten compounds. Reduction with carbon is suitable for metals of moderate reactivity. Exam tip: Remember that metals placed above carbon in the reactivity series are commonly extracted by electrolysis.
What is the process of removing impurities from ore called?
Correct answer: A
The unwanted earthy impurities such as sand and clay present in an ore are called gangue. Removing gangue to increase the proportion of the metal-bearing material is called concentration of ore. Roasting and calcination involve heating ores, whereas reduction produces the metal from its compound. Exam tip: if the question mentions removal of gangue, choose concentration of ore.
Rusting requires both oxygen and water (or moisture). Iron reacts slowly in their presence to form hydrated iron(III) oxide, called rust. Carbon dioxide alone is not sufficient to cause rusting. Exam tip: remember that rusting needs oxygen + water together.
What is the process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting called?
Correct answer: A
The process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel is called galvanization. Zinc prevents iron from coming into contact with air and moisture; even if the coating is scratched, zinc oxidises preferentially and protects the iron. Electroplating is a general method for depositing metals, whereas the specific zinc coating on iron is called galvanization. Exam tip: zinc-coated iron is known as galvanised iron.
Rusting is a slow oxidation process in which iron needs both oxygen and water (moisture). Moisture helps the electrochemical reaction occur. Oxygen alone, without moisture, does not normally cause rusting. Exam tip: Remember the required conditions as oxygen + water.
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