World Wars

The Treaty of Saint-Germain was linked with Austria and recognized the breakup of the old empire. For exams match separate peace treaties with countries.

The Treaty of Trianon was related to Hungary and greatly reduced its territory. For exams remember Trianon with Hungary.

The Treaty of Neuilly applied to Bulgaria. For exams remember the names of post-war treaties and countries separately.

The Treaty of Sevres was linked with the Ottoman Empire and was later revised by Lausanne. For exams remember the sequence of Sevres and Lausanne.

The Treaty of Lausanne recognized the new Turkish settlement. For exams connect it with the revision of the Treaty of Sevres.

The Treaty of Rapallo showed cooperation between isolated Germany and Soviet Russia. For exams study interwar diplomacy from multiple angles.

The Dawes Plan tried to ease Germany's reparations and loan arrangements. For exams connect economic plans with the effects of Versailles.

The Young Plan was also linked with reorganizing German reparations. For exams remember the sequence of economic agreements.

The Locarno Treaties increased security around Germany's western borders. For exams keep western and eastern border issues separate.

The Washington Conference focused on arms limitation among major naval powers. For exams remember interwar disarmament attempts.

The pact was idealistic but had weak real power to stop aggression. For exams understand the difference between ideals and enforcement.

The Great Depression increased economic nationalism and political instability. For exams connect economic crisis with the background of war.

The Mukden Incident became a pretext for expanding Japanese control. For exams include Asian expansionism in the background of the Second World War.

The Lytton Commission investigated the Manchuria crisis but did not effectively stop Japan. For exams understand the gap between report and action.

Weak response in the Abyssinia crisis reduced the League's credibility. For exams connect it with failure of collective security.

The Spanish Civil War gave fascist powers a field for military practice and propaganda. For exams treat it as a prelude to the Second World War.

Guernica showed the impact of air war on civilians. For exams remember both art and history contexts.

Success in the Rhineland encouraged Hitler's later aggression. For exams understand the importance of reactions to early challenges.

The union with Austria strengthened Germany's strategic position. For exams see expansionism not only as border change but also power growth.

Losing Sudetenland weakened Czechoslovakia's military and industrial position. For exams understand geographic strategy.

This event showed Western countries Hitler's wider expansion policy. For exams study events after Munich in order.

Direct answer: Option A is correct. The British guarantee to Poland, announced in 1939, meant that Britain publicly promised to support Poland if its independence was attacked, especially by Germany. It represented a stronger stand against further German expansion after the earlier policy of appeasement had failed to stop Hitler. Step by step: Germany expanded into neighbouring territories; appeasement did not prevent aggression; Britain then gave Poland a guarantee; after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Option A is correct because it expresses a clear warning and deterrent against German expansion. Option B is wrong because Britain was not forming an alliance with Germany. Option C is wrong because the guarantee was intended to defend Poland, not abandon it, although military support could not immediately save Poland. Option D is wrong because Britain did not give Poland to Japan; Japan was not the party receiving Poland. Exam cue: Poland guarantee means a shift from appeasement to a firmer anti-expansion policy.

The pact gave Germany strategic ease before invading Poland. For exams connect diplomacy with military decisions.

In the Phoney War war had been declared but major western action came later. For exams understand the sequence from 1939 to 1940.

Direct answer: A, Allied troops retreated but many were rescued. Dunkirk was a military defeat because German forces pushed the Allied armies into a difficult coastal position and the troops had to withdraw from continental Europe in 1940. Yet the evacuation rescued a very large number of soldiers by naval vessels and civilian boats. That survival strengthened British public morale and created a powerful psychological image of endurance, even though it was not a battlefield victory. A correctly shows both sides. B is false: Germany did not surrender that day. C is false: Japan did not rescue Britain at Dunkirk. D is false and anachronistic: the United Nations was created after the war and did not send troops for this evacuation. Exam cue: Dunkirk = military setback, successful evacuation, morale boost.