Colonization and Decolonization

Simon Bolivar was a major leader of Latin American independence movements. For exams connect him with South America.

San Martin was a leader linked with Latin American independence struggles. For exams remember Bolivar and San Martin together.

In Latin America independence movements occurred against Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule. For exams connect this region with European colonialism.

The Haitian Revolution is important as a successful anti slavery struggle. For exams connect it with Caribbean history.

Cash crops and exploited labour were important in Caribbean plantations. For exams remember sugar plantations.

Women contributed to awareness and struggle in many freedom movements. For exams remember mass participation.

Education was necessary for citizens and development of a new nation. For exams remember education and nation building together.

New governments made plans for development and self reliance. For exams remember development policy.

After decolonization it became important to value one's own history and identity. For exams study history writing with identity.

A map makes the relation between regions and colonial powers clear. For exams make timeline and map together.

In a protectorate outside power keeps influence. For exams connect it with forms of colonial control.

In a settler colony foreign settlers live in large numbers. For exams connect it with examples like America and Australia.

In company rule a trading company could also hold political power. For exams remember the East India Company.

Trade monopoly helped outside powers earn more profit. For exams connect it with economic exploitation.

Mercantilism linked trade and wealth accumulation with state power. For exams connect it with European colonialism.

The Columbian Exchange connected the Americas Europe and other regions. For exams connect it with changes after voyages.

Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors who led campaigns in the Americas. For exams remember Spain with the Americas.

The Dutch East India Company was a trading company linked with the Netherlands. For exams connect it with Asian trade and colonialism.

France is the correct answer. France invaded Algeria in 1830 and maintained colonial rule there for a long period. Algeria gained independence in 1962. Spain had connections with some North African coastal areas, but it did not rule all of Algeria as the long-term colonial power. Exam tip: Remember Algeria—France—independence in 1962 together.

Colonization in Australia deeply affected indigenous communities. For exams remember effects on local societies.