Physical Features of India

Himalayas and Northern Plains are major physical divisions of India. For exams remember the six divisions separately.

The Himalayas form a high natural barrier in the north. For exams remember both climatic and protective roles.

The Greater Himalaya or Himadri has high peaks and glaciers. For exams link Himadri with the High Himalaya.

Dehradun is a famous example of a Dun valley. For exams remember Dun valleys between Shiwalik and Lesser Himalaya.

The Himalayas are young fold mountains linked with plate activity. For exams remember the link between young mountains and earthquakes.

The direct answer is B, pebbles and coarse deposits. Bhabar is a narrow belt along the Himalayan foothills where rivers deposit large pebbles, gravel and other coarse material. The spaces between these large particles are open, so river water often disappears underground. Step by step: Himalayan streams carry stones; the slope decreases; coarse material is deposited; gaps remain between the particles; water sinks through those gaps. Option A, fine marine clay, is not the characteristic material of Bhabar. Option B is correct because coarse, porous alluvial deposits create the open texture. Option C, coral limestone, is associated with coral formations and is not the main Bhabar deposit. Option D, black lava soil, develops from basaltic volcanic rock and is not typical here. Memory cue: Bhabar means boulders, gravel and sinking streams.

In Terai water remains near the surface creating moist and marshy conditions. For exams remember Terai south of Bhabar.

Northern Plains are formed by long term alluvial deposition by rivers. For exams remember the river deposition and plain link.

A doab is alluvial land between two rivers. For exams connect Punjab doabs with river systems.

Bhangar is associated with older alluvial areas where kankar deposits may occur. For exams remember Bhangar old and Khadar new.

Fresh alluvium is deposited in Khadar during river floods. For exams remember Khadar as more fertile.

The Brahmaputra carries large water and sediment loads which can cause floods. For exams remember Assam Valley.

A delta forms by silt and soil deposition at the river mouth. For exams remember the term deposition.

The Peninsular Plateau is made of old igneous and metamorphic rocks. For exams remember it as a stable block.

Malwa Plateau is an important part of the Central Highlands. For exams remember the plateau region north of Narmada.

Because of the eastward slope of Deccan Plateau many major rivers flow east. For exams remember Godavari Krishna Kaveri.

In the Deccan Trap black soil forms from weathered lava rocks. For exams remember the black soil and cotton link.

Mineral wealth is common in ancient rocky plateau regions. For exams remember Chotanagpur as a mineral region.

Meghalaya Plateau is a northeastern extension of the Peninsular Plateau but appears separated by plains. For exams remember Garo Khasi Jaintia.

Moist winds rising after hitting mountains cause orographic rainfall. For exams remember windward slope.

Rivers like Mahanadi Godavari Krishna and Kaveri cut the Eastern Ghats. For exams remember river dissection.

Nilgiri Hills are linked with the meeting of both Ghats in South India. For exams see the map of South India.

Anamudi is a high peak of Peninsular India in the Western Ghats. For exams remember the Kerala region.

The direct answer is option A, Guru Shikhar is the highest peak of the Aravalli Range. Guru Shikhar is located near Mount Abu in Rajasthan and rises to about 1,722 metres, making it the highest point of the Aravalli system. The reasoning is a location-and-rank fact: Mount Abu belongs to the Aravallis, and Guru Shikhar is the range's highest summit. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because Guru Shikhar is a mountain peak, not a delta, and the Eastern Ghats are a different mountain system. Option C is wrong because the Aravalli Range consists of ancient hills and mountains, not coral islands. Option D is wrong because the Aravallis lie in northwestern India, mainly across Rajasthan and nearby regions, not in the Bay of Bengal. The name Mount Abu is a useful association, but do not confuse the highest peak with the whole hill station. Exam cue: Aravalli plus highest peak equals Guru Shikhar.

The Eastern Himalayas bend into the northeast and form the Purvanchal hills. For exams remember Patkai Naga Mizo.