Physical Features of India

Himadri is the highest glacier bearing range of the Greater Himalaya. For exams link Himadri with High Himalaya.

Shiwalik has loose sedimentary material so slopes may be unstable. For exams remember Shiwalik as Outer Himalaya with loose deposits.

Dun valleys occur between the Lesser Himalaya and Shiwalik. For exams remember Dehradun as a famous example.

Porous pebbles and gravel in Bhabar allow water to sink down. For exams distinguish Bhabar from Terai.

Water sinking in Bhabar comes near the surface in Terai and creates moisture and marshes. For exams remember the Bhabar Terai sequence.

Himalayan rivers bring silt and alluvium to form the Northern Plains. For exams link river deposition with plain formation.

Bhangar is an older alluvial area where kankar deposits may occur. For exams remember Bhangar old and Khadar new.

Khadar receives new alluvium from river floods. For exams treat it as a more fertile floodplain.

Direct answer: Option C. A doab is a tract of land lying between two rivers; the word can be understood as “two waters.” Rivers often deposit layers of fine sediment called alluvium on such land. Consequently, many doabs are fertile and useful for agriculture, and their location helps students understand how rivers, tributaries and drainage basins are arranged. Option C correctly identifies alluvial land between two rivers. Option A is wrong because land between two seas is not the definition of a doab. Option B describes a mountain route or pass, not river-created land. Option D refers to coral between islands, a marine feature unrelated to doabs. The Ganga–Yamuna Doab is the familiar Indian example: it lies between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. Memory cue: doab = do, two; ab, water—land between two rivers.

In a delta silt deposition at the mouth divides the river into distributaries. For exams remember deposition and distributary.

Sundarbans is a tidal marshy part of the Ganga Brahmaputra Delta. For exams remember mangroves and tides together.

The Peninsular Plateau is India's ancient and stable rocky landmass. For exams remember it as older than the Himalayas.

The slope of Central Highlands directs several rivers north and eastward. For exams remember Chambal Betwa Ken.

Narmada Valley between Vindhya and Satpura shows a west flowing rift valley route. For exams remember this spatial order.

Layered basaltic lava flows form the step like topography of Deccan Trap. For exams link the term Trap with step like form.

Black soil is useful for cotton due to its water retaining capacity. For exams remember black soil Deccan and cotton together.

Chotanagpur Plateau is important for industries due to mineral resources. For exams remember Jharkhand and industrial region.

Meghalaya Plateau is considered a northeastern extension of Peninsular Plateau but appears separated by plains. For exams remember Garo Khasi Jaintia.

Aravalli is a very old range and has been eroded over a long time. For exams remember it as older than Himalaya.

Western Ghats force moist monsoon winds upward and cause rainfall. For exams remember windward and leeward slopes.

East flowing peninsular rivers cut across the Eastern Ghats to reach the Bay of Bengal. For exams remember Eastern Ghats as discontinuous.

Nilgiri is linked with the meeting zone of Western and Eastern Ghats in South India. For exams remember southern hill groups.

Anamudi is a high peak of Peninsular India while Guru Shikhar is the highest peak of Aravalli. For exams keep mountain ranges separate.

Eastern Himalaya bends into Northeast India and forms the Purvanchal hills. For exams remember Patkai Naga Mizo.

Narmada and Tapi are west flowing rivers whose courses are linked with rift valleys. For exams separate them from usual east flowing rivers.