Climate Change

Correct answer: C. 1997

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, under the UNFCCC. It set greenhouse-gas emission reduction targets for developed countries. 2005 is a close distractor because that was the year the Protocol entered into force, not the year it was adopted. Exam tip: remember “adopted in 1997; entered into force in 2005.”

Correct answer: C. 2002

India ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The year 1997 refers to the adoption of the Protocol, not India’s ratification. Exam tip: distinguish between the year an agreement was adopted and the year a country ratified it.

Correct answer: B. 2008

The Government of India released the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in 2008. It included eight national missions covering areas such as solar energy, energy efficiency and water. 2010 was not the release year; it may be associated with later policy developments. Exam tip: Remember NAPCC with 2008 and its eight national missions.

Correct answer: B. 2016

India ratified the Paris Climate Agreement on 2 October 2016, so 2016 is correct. The agreement was adopted in Paris in 2015, but India’s ratification took place later. Exam tip: distinguish between the year an agreement is adopted and the year a country ratifies it.

Correct answer: A. National Action Plan on Climate Change

The National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem is one of the eight national missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). It focuses on understanding and protecting the Himalayan environment, water resources, and climate-related vulnerabilities. The Green and White Revolutions relate to agriculture and dairy development, while the Second Five-Year Plan is not the action plan for this mission. Exam tip: Remember the Himalayan mission as a climate-change mission under NAPCC.

Correct answer: A. National Action Plan on Climate Change

The Green India Mission is one of the eight national missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). It focuses on increasing forest and tree cover, protecting ecosystems, and strengthening resilience to climate change. The National Forest Policy concerns forests, but it is not the action plan under which this mission was placed. Exam tip: Remember the Green India Mission as an NAPCC mission.

Correct answer: B. 2008

The National Water Mission is one of the eight national missions under India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). This climate action plan was released in 2008, so 2008 is correct. Although 2010 may be associated with implementation-related timelines, it is not the year in which the action plan was released. Exam tip: Remember NAPCC with 2008 and its eight missions.