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A student selects only the tallest plant to report the effect of fertiliser. What problem does this illustrate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Sampling bias

The direct answer is B, sampling bias. Sampling means choosing a smaller group to represent a larger group. A fair sample should give different plants a reasonable and equal chance of being selected. Here the student chooses only the tallest plant. Height may already be affected by soil, water, light, age, or natural differences, so this one plant cannot represent all plants. Step by step: the whole group is all available plants; the chosen sample is only the tallest one; the sample is not typical or fairly selected; therefore the conclusion about fertiliser may be misleading. A, random error, means unpredictable variation in measurements or results, not unfair selection. B is correct because the selection rule favours the tallest plants. C, proper control, means keeping other conditions the same or using a suitable comparison group; no such method is shown. D, proper repetition, means repeating trials or using several samples; selecting one plant is the opposite. Memory cue: unfair sample selection means sampling bias.

Related tags

Sampling-BiasFertiliserPlant-GrowthHypothesis And ExperimentationExploration: Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceExploration Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceScienceClass 9 Mcq

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