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In an observation a student wrote the conclusion first and later selected matching data. What improvement is needed?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Record all data using a predefined method and analyse afterward

In a proper scientific process, all relevant data are recorded using an unbiased, predefined method, and the conclusion is drawn only after analysing the evidence. Choosing data to support an already written conclusion creates selection bias. Options C and D increase this bias, while writing a longer conclusion does not correct the procedure. Exam tip: A conclusion must follow observations and data, not a prior belief.

Related tags

Scientific MethodData IntegritySelection BiasObservationsEvidence Based ConclusionsScientific Questions And ObservationsExploration: Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceExploration Entering The World Of Secondary Science

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