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The treatment and control groups differed at the start of an experiment. Which improvement would most strengthen causal testing?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Random assignment of participants

Direct answer: Option B, random assignment of participants. For a fair causal comparison, the treatment and control groups should be similar before the treatment begins. Random assignment gives each participant a fair chance of entering either group. With enough participants, existing differences such as ability, age, health, or motivation are more likely to be balanced between groups. Step by step: recruit participants; randomly assign them to treatment or control; apply the treatment only to the treatment group; compare outcomes; attribute differences more reasonably to the treatment, while considering other sources of error. Option B is correct because it strengthens causal inference. Option A is wrong because changing groups after seeing results can introduce manipulation and does not repair the original comparison. Option C is wrong because increasing only one group can create unequal size and does not remove starting differences. Option D is wrong because removing the control group removes the comparison needed to judge the treatment. Exam cue: unequal starting groups suggest random assignment.

Related tags

Random AssignmentBaseline DifferenceExperimental DesignNature And Meaning Of ScienceExploration: Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceExploration Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceScienceClass 9 Mcq

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