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If a student investigates whether surface type affects the distance travelled by a rolling ball what is the independent variable?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Type of surface

The independent variable is the factor that a student changes deliberately during an investigation. The dependent variable is the result measured to see whether that change had an effect. In this investigation, the question asks whether different surfaces alter how far a ball rolls. The surface is therefore the factor selected and changed by the student.

Option A is correct because the type of surface may be changed, for example from a smooth surface to a rough one. The distance travelled is the measured outcome, so it is the dependent variable. The final position is another way of describing the outcome, and the measuring scale is equipment or a method, not the experimental factor. Other conditions, such as the ball and release method, should be kept constant.

Related tags

Independent VariableSurfaceRolling BallDistanceHypothesis And ExperimentationExploration: Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceExploration Entering The World Of Secondary ScienceScience

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