Why did colonial rules weaken pastoralists' traditional system?

Correct answer: Because old grazing rights and routes were restricted

Pastoral communities often depended on seasonal movement between grazing grounds. Their customary rights to use forests, grasslands, and routes allowed animals to find pasture and water at different times of the year. Colonial governments introduced forest laws, reserved areas, permits, taxes, and other restrictions. These measures reduced access to traditional routes and grazing spaces and made movement more difficult. They could also increase expenses and expose pastoralists to penalties.

Option A is correct because restricting old grazing rights and routes directly damaged the traditional pastoral system. Giving all pastoralists more land would have strengthened rather than weakened it. Saying that forests had no control contradicts the expansion of colonial regulation, and ending taxes is also incorrect because colonial policies often imposed new payments or rules. The main historical issue was the conflict between mobile customary practices and state-controlled land use.