Which cause-effect sequence of the Maasai pastoral crisis is strongest?

Correct answer: Land loss reduces grazing then livestock weakens and poverty increases

Pastoralists need sufficient open land for grazing and movement. When land is taken away or access is restricted, herds have less grass and water. Poor nutrition weakens animals, reduces milk and breeding, and may cause deaths. Families then lose food, income, and animals, so poverty and dependence increase. This sequence links a political or economic change in land access to a direct livelihood crisis.

Option A is correct because its stages follow a logical cause-and-effect order: land loss, reduced grazing, weaker livestock, and greater poverty. Option B gives an unsupported reversal. Option C is wrong because removing borders would generally make movement easier, not stop it. Option D contradicts the meaning of drought, which normally reduces available fodder rather than making it unlimited.