What was the double effect of snow in the movement of Himalayan pastoralists?

Correct answer: Barrier in winter and pasture availability after melting in summer

The direct answer is option A. Snow affected Himalayan pastoralists in two connected ways. During winter, heavy snow blocked high passes and covered high pastures, so shepherds moved down to lower areas. When summer warmth melted the snow, higher slopes again became accessible and grass became available, allowing movement upward. Option A is correct because it includes both the winter barrier and the summer grazing opportunity. Option B is wrong because these routes were mountainous, not sea routes. Option C is wrong because tax payment does not explain seasonal movement. Option D is wrong because animals still needed food and care. Exam cue: snow can close a route in one season and reveal pasture in another. Verification: The supplied answer A is accurate.